Pharmacokinetics of pradofloxacin, florfenicol, and tulathromycin and response to treatment of steers experimentally infected with Mannheimia hemolytica.

Background: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an economically important disease in the beef industry, and a major driver of therapeutic antibiotic use. Pharmacokinetic data of these drugs is relatively limited in diseased animals.

Hypothesis/objective: To determine the concentrations of pradofloxacin, florfenicol, and tulathromycin in the airways, plasma, and interstitial fluid (ISF) of steers with a clinically relevant model of bacterial respiratory disease.

Residue, distribution and depletion of fluralaner in egg following a single intravenous and transdermal administration in healthy shaver hens: fluralaner residue in egg.

The demand for the use of fluralaner in an extra label manner is increasing due to lack of efficacious treatment to combat mites and bed bugs in the poultry industry in the United States. Fluralaner residue data in eggs is lacking and residues might cause risks to human health. The present study aimed to determine the depletion profiles of fluralaner in eggs and estimate the drug withdrawal interval in whole eggs by adopting the US Food and Drug administration tolerance limit method with single intravenous (0.

Pharmacokinetics of intravenously and trans-dermally administered fluralaner in healthy laying shaver hens: fluralaner in chickens.

Ectoparasite infestations negatively affect both backyard and commercial chicken flocks in the United States. Fluralaner is an isoxazoline shown to be efficacious in treating mite and bed bug infestations in poultry. Fluralaner is approved to treat fleas and ticks in dogs and cats in the United States and to treat mite infestations of chickens in Europe and Australia; however, the use of fluralaner in poultry is not yet approved in the United States.

Pharmacokinetics of intranasal and intramuscular flunixin in healthy grower pigs.

Flunixin meglumine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug approved to manage pyrexia associated with swine respiratory disease. In the United States, no analgesic drugs are approved for use in swine by the FDA, although they are needed to manage painful conditions. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of intranasal versus intramuscular flunixin in grower pigs.

Pharmacokinetics of fluralaner as a systemic drug to control infestations of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, in poultry facilities.

Background: Bed bug infestations are re-emerging in the poultry industry throughout the USA. Although the impacts of bed bugs on birds' health and welfare are poorly understood, adverse outcomes are expected, including stress, anemia, infections and lower production rates. Worker welfare is also an important consideration in commercial poultry farms.

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim After Oral Administration of Single and Multiple Doses to Rhode Island Red Chickens ().

Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP), a commonly prescribed antibiotic for backyard hens, is neither Food and Drug Administration approved nor prohibited in laying hens in the United States. The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma concentrations above targeted minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoint values for Enterobacteriaceae could be achieved with oral dosing. Five Rhode Island red hens () were administered a single dose of 96 mg/kg SMZ-TMP (80 mg/kg SMZ and 16 mg/kg TMP) IV followed by the same dose orally after a washout period.

Development and evaluation of a bovine lung-on-chip (bLOC) to study bovine respiratory diseases.

Purpose: Current air-liquid interface (ALI) models of bovine proximal airways have their limitations. They do not simulate blood flow necessary to mimic systemic drug administration, and repeated sampling requires multiple, independent cultures. A bovine lung-on-chip (bLOC) would overcome these limitations, providing a convenient and cost-effective model for pharmacokinetic or pathogenicity studies.

Progress of Diabetic Macular Edema after Loading Injection of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents in Real-World Cases.

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the recurrence of diabetic macular edema (DME) after loading an injection of anti-VEGF agents by a pro re nata (PRN) protocol using central retinal thickness (CRT) as a re-injection criterion. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, observational single-center study. DME patients with a central retinal thickness (CRT) over 350 μm received a PRN injection of anti-VEGF agents following one to three consecutive monthly loading injections (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept) for 6 months from January 2012 to June 2019.

Preliminary evaluation of the effects of grapiprant compared with carprofen on acute pain and inflammation following ovariohysterectomy in dogs.

Objective: To compare the analgesic efficacy of grapiprant to carprofen for the treatment of postoperative pain and inflammation in dogs following ovariohysterectomy.

Animals: 12 purpose-bred adult sexually intact female Beagles.

Procedures: Dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: grapiprant (2 mg/kg, PO; n = 6) or carprofen (4.

Control of ticks on horses using abamectin-impregnated ear tags. A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study.

Several different tick species are known to infest horses. Aside from causing serious health and welfare issues, including anaemia, ill thrift, and immunosuppression, ticks can transmit a variety of important, sometimes zoonotic, pathogens. The successful prevention and treatment of tick infestations have been described, but the information is scarce and, in many instances, anecdotal.

Ceftazidime pharmacokinetics in dogs after intravenous injection and delivered with the RxActuator Mini-Infuser infusion pump.

Objective: To test the feasibility of an SC mini-infusion pump to deliver ceftazidime in dogs and produce plasma concentrations sufficient to reach a therapeutic target for 48 hours.

Setting: University research laboratory.

Animals: Six healthy Beagle dogs.

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous, oral transmucosal, and intranasal buprenorphine in healthy male dogs.

Effective management of pain in animals is of critical importance but options are limited for treating acute pain in dogs on an outpatient basis. The objective of this study was to compare the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of a concentrated solution of buprenorphine, 1.8 mg/ml (Simbadol™) administered intravenously, intranasally, and via the oral transmucosal (OTM) route in healthy male dogs.

Effects of suspension of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in clinical setting.

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of a suspension of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatments in the eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods: This was a retrospective study that examined eyes having no exudation for 48 weeks while undergoing intravitreal anti-VEGF injections every 12 to 16 weeks. The rate and time of recurrences, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfield thickness (CST), number of visits, and reactivity to anti-VEGF were determined after the suspension of the anti-VEGF treatments.

Effects of housing environment on oral absorption of acetaminophen in healthy Beagles.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of housing environment on oral absorption of acetaminophen in dogs.

Animals: 6 healthy Beagles.

Procedures: Acetaminophen (325 mg, PO; mean dose, 31.

Egg residue and depletion in Rhode Island Red hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) following multiple oral doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim residues in eggs can cause risks to human health. The most common cause of residues in eggs results from failure to meet an appropriate withdrawal interval. The aim of this study was to determine the quantity and duration of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim residues in eggs and evaluate the drug elimination parameters in egg components and whole egg to better estimate the withdrawal interval of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim following oral administration for 7 days at a purposed dosage regimen (time average 46 mg kg day for sulfamethoxazole, time average 25 mg kg day for trimethoprim).

In vivo assessment of a delayed release formulation of larazotide acetate indicated for celiac disease using a porcine model.

There is no FDA approved therapy for the treatment of celiac disease (CeD), aside from avoidance of dietary gluten. Larazotide acetate (LA) is a first in class oral peptide developed as a tight junction regulator, which is a lead candidate for management of CeD. A delayed release formulation was tested in vitro and predicted release in the mid duodenum and jejunum, the target site of CeD.

Case with metastatic cutaneous malignant melanoma that developed Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like uveitis following pembrolizumab treatment.

Purpose: The study reports a case with metastatic cutaneous malignant melanoma that developed Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like uveitis during pembrolizumab treatment. The uveitis improved by discontinuation of pembrolizumab and use of oral and topical steroids. Full-field flicker ERGs were used to monitor the retinal function before and after the steroid treatments.

The effect of combined carprofen and omeprazole administration on gastrointestinal permeability and inflammation in dogs.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (eg, omeprazole) commonly are administered concurrently with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; eg, carprofen) as prophylaxis to decrease the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) injury. However, evidence to support this practice is weak, and it might exacerbate dysbiosis and inflammation.

Hypothesis/objectives: To evaluate the effect of carprofen alone or combined with omeprazole in dogs.

Optic Neuritis Possibly Induced by Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Treatment in a Patient with Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.

Background: Recent immune therapy with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) has demonstrated remarkable antitumor effects on specific tumors, such as malignant lymphoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma. By contrast, CPIs cause an imbalance in the immune system, triggering a wide range of immunological side effects termed immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). Here, we report a rare case of optic neuritis and hypopituitarism during anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody treatment.

Evaluation of Oxygen Supplementation Status as a Risk Factor Associated with the Development of Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Purpose: The effects of oxygen supplementation status and other clinical risk factors on the development of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were evaluated.

Methods: Clinical records of 143 newborn infants with a gestational age of 32 weeks or less were reviewed. Severe ROP was diagnosed when photocoagulation due to progression to stage 3 was identified or when 'plus disease' developed.

[Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-producing urothelial carcinoma of right renal pelvis : a case report].

A 78-year-old female patient with fever and general malaise was referred to our hospital. Laboratory examination showed the marked elevation of leukocyte and serum granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) concentration without any infectious sign. A computed tomography scan demonstrated irregular enhanced mass of the right kidney with liver metastasis.

Rapid measurement of 89,90Sr radioactivity in rinse water.

Rapid measurement of radioactivity from Sr in aqueous solutions is performed using a technique combining a strontium rad disk and a picobeta spectrometer. Identification of Sr radionuclides is accomplished in as little as 90 min in a radiation-tainted solution that contains more highly radioactive cesium. It is possible to perform triage by assessing skin exposure doses in this short time.

[Our experiences of best supportive care for gastric cancer patients].

Background: The literature contains only a small number of reports concerning best supportive care(BSC)in gastric cancer. With the progress of social healthcare systems supporting medical care at home, the quality and performance of BSC at present are different from those in the mid-1990s, when the previous reports were published. We evaluated the quality and performance of BSC in gastric cancer patients in collaboration with visiting nurses.

Phospholipase C-delta1 and -delta3 are essential in the trophoblast for placental development.

Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) is a key enzyme in phosphoinositide turnover and is involved in a variety of physiological functions. We analyzed PLCdelta1 knockout mice and found that PLCdelta1 is required for the maintenance of skin homeostasis. However, there were no remarkable abnormalities except hair loss and runting in PLCdelta1 knockout mice, even though PLCdelta1 is broadly distributed.