Combining three-phase EEG pattern and ipsilateral isolated eye deviation to predict seizure focus in the frontal interhemispheric fissure.

Objective: Identification of seizure focus on the interhemispheric fissure (IHF) is often challenging at the step of scalp video-EEG monitoring on preoperative evaluations. We previously reported ictal three-phase EEG patterns (3Ph-EEG) and isolated eye deviation (isolated ED) to side of the seizure focus during seizures, each of which is available for identifying the seizure focus for frontal IHF (F-IHF). This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of predicting the F-IHF focus using a combination of 3Ph-EEG and isolated ED in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy and the accuracy of predicting lateralization of the F-IHF focus using the predominance of findings.

Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome Complicated by Leigh Syndrome and Leigh-Like Syndrome: A Retrospective, Nationwide, Multicenter Case Series.

Background: Six percent of patients with Leigh syndrome (LS) present with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS). However, treatment strategies for IESS with LS remain unclear. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment strategies in patients with IESS complicated by LS and Leigh-like syndrome (LLS).

Influences of muscle mass loss and exercise habits and personality traits on lower limb motor function among university students.

Secondary sarcopenia, a risk factor even for young people, has attracted attention because of the deterioration of physical activity and nutritional status due to lifestyle change among university students. However, studies on the factors affecting motor function and their involvement are lacking. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the influences of muscle mass loss and exercise and sleep habits on lower limb motor function, as well as the involvement of personality traits, in 101 university students.

Analysis of Cell Immunity for Children Infected with SARS-CoV-2 and Those Vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 Using T-SPOT.COVID.

Cellular immunity is critical for the regulation of viral diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and is generally considered immature in childhood. However, the details of cellular immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among children are unclear. We assessed cellular immunity in eight children post-vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and 11 children after SARS-CoV-2 infection using the T-SPOT.

Non-1st seizure was less severe than 1st seizure with non-urgent level among suspected seizures transferred by ambulance.

Background: To prioritize emergency medical calls for ambulance transport for patients with suspected seizures, information about whether the event is their 1st or non-1st seizure is important. However, little is known about the difference between 1st and non-1st seizures in terms of severity. We hypothesized that patients transferred multiple times (≥2 times) would represent a milder scenario than patients on their first transfer.

Finger movement functions remain in the ipsilesional hemisphere and compensation by the contralesional hemisphere might not be expected after hemispherotomy -pre- and post-hemispherotomy evaluations in 8 cases.

Background: We hypothesized that fine finger motor functions are controlled by the ipsilesional hemisphere, and that gross motor functions are compensated for by the contralesional hemisphere after brain injury in humans. The purpose of this study was to compare finger movements before and after hemispherotomy that defunctionated the ipsilesional hemisphere for patients with hemispherical lesions.

Methods: We statistically compared Brunnstrom stage of the fingers, arm (upper extremity), and leg (lower extremity) before and after hemispherotomy.

An integrated genetic analysis of epileptogenic brain malformed lesions.

Focal cortical dysplasia is the most common malformation during cortical development, sometimes excised by epilepsy surgery and often caused by somatic variants of the mTOR pathway genes. In this study, we performed a genetic analysis of epileptogenic brain malformed lesions from 64 patients with focal cortical dysplasia, hemimegalencephy, brain tumors, or hippocampal sclerosis. Targeted sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and single nucleotide polymorphism microarray detected four germline and 35 somatic variants, comprising three copy number variants and 36 single nucleotide variants and indels in 37 patients.

High-Density Linkage Maps from Japanese Rice Recombinant Inbred Lines Using Genotyping by Random Amplicon Sequencing-Direct (GRAS-Di).

The genetic dissection of agronomically important traits in closely related Japanese rice cultivars is still in its infancy mainly because of the narrow genetic diversity within rice cultivars. In an attempt to unveil potential polymorphism between closely related Japanese rice cultivars, we used a next-generation-sequencing-based genotyping method: genotyping by random amplicon sequencing-direct (GRAS-Di) to develop genetic linkage maps. In this study, four recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations and their parents were used.

Unexplained Progressive Neurological Deficits after Corpus Callosotomy May Be Caused by Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Case of Suspected Postoperative Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis.

The main causes of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis are ovarian teratoma and herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis. We present a rare case of suspected anti-NMDAR encephalitis caused by corpus callosotomy (CC). An 18-year-old woman with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome underwent CC.

Oxicam-type nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs enhance -mediated transient transformation in plants.

-mediated transformation is a key innovation for plant breeding, and routinely used in basic researches and applied biology. However, the transformation efficiency is often the limiting factor of this technique. In this study, we discovered that oxicam-type nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including tenoxicam (TNX), increase the efficiency of -mediated transient transformation.

Omitting Hyperventilation in Electroencephalogram during the COVID-19 Pandemic May Reduce Interictal Epileptiform Discharges in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy.

Background: To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), hyperventilation (HV) activation has been avoided in electroencephalograms (EEGs) since April 2020. The influence of omitting HV in EEG on epilepsy diagnosis remains uncertain for patients with epilepsies other than child absence epilepsy. We hypothesized that EEGs with HV would show more interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) than EEGs without HV in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME).

Earlier Age at Surgery for Brain Cavernous Angioma-Related Epilepsy May Achieve Complete Seizure Freedom without Aid of Anti-Seizure Medication.

Background: The present study hypothesized that some factors may distinguish between patients with a brain cavernous angioma (BCA), who were free from anti-seizure medication (ASM), and patients who still required ASMs postoperatively. The purpose of the study was thus to identify factors associated with ceasing ASMs for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy secondary to BCA, who underwent BCA removal surgery.

Methods: We divided patients into those with drug-resistant epilepsy secondary to BCA who achieved complete seizure freedom without ASMs a year after surgery (No-ASM group) (International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification class I with no epileptiform discharges), and others (ASM group) (ILAE classification ≤ II and/or epileptiform discharges).

Development of a 20-item questionnaire for drinking behavior pattern (DBP-20) toward personalized behavioral approaches for alcohol use disorder.

Although screening tools are available for alcohol use disorders (AUD), such as the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), these tools do not directly characterize individual drinking behavior for patients with AUD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a new self-report questionnaire to identify the characteristics of drinking behavior patterns in patients with AUD.The study team developed a self-administered 20-item questionnaire for drinking behavior pattern (DBP-20) based on semi-structured interviews of patients with AUD.

Lacosamide monotherapy for the treatment of childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes.

Objective: Childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (CECTS) is known as age-limited focal epilepsy syndrome in childhood. Lacosamide is a third-generation antiepileptic drug. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of lacosamide monotherapy for the treatment of CECTS.

The Fornix May Play a Key Role in Korsakoff's Amnesia Secondary to Subcallosal Artery Infarction.

Background: Subcallosal artery infarction injures the fornix and anterior corpus callosum and sometimes causes Korsakoff's amnesia. We hypothesized that Korsakoff's amnesia might be caused by fornix dysfunction rather than anterior corpus callosum dysfunction in subcallosal artery infarction.

Methods: A systematic review approach was applied to search PubMed and Google Scholar for articles to compare patients who had both bilateral fornix and corpus callosum infarction due to subcallosal artery territory ischemia (vascular event group; V group) with patients who had undergone anterior corpus callosotomy (callosotomy group; C group).

Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation following Corpus Callosotomy for Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.

Objective: The effectiveness of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for residual seizures after corpus callosotomy (CC) has not yet been fully investigated. We hypothesized that seizure control would be improved by VNS after CC. The purpose of this study was to compare seizure frequency between patients with implantation of a VNS generator (post-VNS group) or without VNS (non-post-VNS group) following CC.

Non-Ruptured Temporal Lobe Dermoid Cyst Concomitant with Focal Cortical Dysplasia Causing Temporal Lobe Epilepsy-A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Intracranial dermoid cyst is a rare, benign, nonneoplastic tumor-like lesion that could cause seizures, headache, and hydrocephalus. We hypothesized that the temporal lobe dermoid cyst in combination with other factors were causing the epileptic seizure.

Methods: We encountered a 17-year-old girl with anti-seizure medication-resistant epilepsy secondary to dermoid cyst located in the temporal region depicted on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Transformation of L. for production of larger seeds and increased amount of biodiesel.

The development of green energy is important to mitigate global warming. Jatropha ( L.) is a promising candidate for the production of alternative biofuel, which could reduce the burden on the Earth's resources.

Successful Hemispherotomy in a Patient with Encephalopathy with Continuous Spikes and Waves during Sleep Related to Neonatal Thalamic Hemorrhage: A Case Report with Intracranial Electroencephalogram Findings.

Neonatal thalamic hemorrhage is a strong risk factor for developing encephalopathy with continuous spikes and waves during sleep (ECSWS), even when not accompanied by widespread cortical destruction. The efficacy and indication of resective epilepsy surgery in such patients has not yet been reported. A 4-year-old boy was diagnosed with ECSWS based on strong epileptiform activation during sleep and neurocognitive deterioration.

Postoperative Pneumocephalus on Computed Tomography Might Predict Post-Corpus Callosotomy Chemical Meningitis.

Background: A corpus callosotomy (CC) is a procedure in which the corpus callosum, the largest collection of commissural fibers in the brain, is disconnected to treat epileptic seizures. The occurrence of chemical meningitis has been reported in association with this procedure. We hypothesized that intraventricular pneumocephalus after CC surgery represents a risk factor for postoperative chemical meningitis.