The Kynurenine Pathway, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, and Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, mainly affecting elderly individuals. AD is characterized by β-amyloid plaques, abnormal tau tangles, neuronal loss, and metabolic disruptions. Recent studies have revealed the involvement of the kynurenine (KP) pathway and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in AD development.

Retinoids: Molecular Aspects and Treatment in Premalignant Lesions and Cervical Cancer.

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus remains the primary factor associated with the progression of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and the development of cervical cancer. Nevertheless, a combination of factors, including genetic predisposition, immune response, hormonal influences, and nutritional status, contribute synergistically to the development of cervical cancer. Among the various factors involved in the pathogenesis and therapy of cervical cancer, retinoids have gained considerable attention due to their multifaceted roles in different cellular processes.

Combined Inhibition of Indolamine-2,3-Dioxygenase 1 and C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 2 Exerts Antitumor Effects in a Preclinical Model of Cervical Cancer.

Cervical cancer is a public health problem diagnosed in advanced stages, and its main risk factor is persistent high-risk human papillomavirus infection. Today, it is necessary to study new treatment strategies, such as immunotherapy, that use different targets of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, the K14E7E2 mouse was used as a cervical cancer model to evaluate the inhibition of indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR-2) as potential anti-tumor targets.

Virulence Factors and Clarithromycin Resistance-Associated Mutations in Mexican Patients.

Persistent infection with is an important factor in gastric diseases. The vacA and cagA virulence factors of contribute to the development of these diseases. Triple therapy containing clarithromycin has been used to eradicate this infection.

Human Papillomavirus Coinfection in the Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions and Cancer of Mexican Patients.

According to their oncogenic properties, Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are classified into two types: Low-Risk (LR-HPVs) and High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs). The immune system naturally controls the majority of HPV infections; however, when the HR-HPV infection is persistent, the risk of developing cervical cancer increases. Previous studies indicate that multiple-infection or coinfection with HR-HPV occurs frequently and can potentiate the development of cervical lesions.

E7 oncoprotein from human papillomavirus 16 alters claudins expression and the sealing of epithelial tight junctions.

Tight junctions (TJs) are cell‑cell adhesion structures frequently altered by oncogenic transformation. In the present study the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E7 oncoprotein on the sealing of TJs was investigated and also the expression level of claudins in mouse cervix and in epithelial Madin‑Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. It was found that there was reduced expression of claudins ‑1 and ‑10 in the cervix of 7‑month‑old transgenic K14E7 mice treated with 17β‑estradiol (E2), with invasive cancer.

Women with chronic follicular gastritis positive for Helicobacter pylori express lower levels of GKN1.

In women, serum levels of CTSB, GKN2, LIPF, LIPFG, AZGP1, TOP2A and PGA4 are proposed as predictive markers of gastric cancer. It is unknown whether GKN1 expression varies with the sex of patients with chronic gastritis or gastric cancer. We studied 36 patients with histopathological diagnosis of chronic gastritis from the state of Guerrero, Mexico.

Structural variants of Salmonella Typhimurium lipopolysaccharide induce less dimerization of TLR4/MD-2 and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human monocytes.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) changes the structure of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in response to the environment. The two main LPS variants found in S.

Early synergistic interactions between the HPV16‑E7 oncoprotein and 17β-oestradiol for repressing the expression of Granzyme B in a cervical cancer model.

Although high-risk human papillomavirus (HR‑HPV) infection has a prominent role in the aetiology of cervical cancer (CC), sex steroid hormones may also be involved in this process; however, the cooperation between oestrogen and HR‑HPV in the early stages of cervical carcinogenesis is poorly understood. Since 17β-oestradiol (E2) and the HPV type 16‑E7 oncoprotein induce CC in transgenic mice, a microarray analysis was performed in the present study to generate global gene expression profiles from 2‑month‑old FVB (non‑transgenic) and K14E7 (transgenic) mice who were left untreated or were treated for 1 month with E2. Upregulation of cancer-related genes that have not been previously reported in the context of CC, including glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 3, interleukin 1 receptor type II, natriuretic peptide type C, MGAT4 family member C, lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase) and glucoside xylosyltransferase 2, was observed.

HPV16-E6 Oncoprotein Activates TGF- and Wnt/-Catenin Pathways in the Epithelium-Mesenchymal Transition of Cataracts in a Transgenic Mouse Model.

Objective: This work aimed to determine if cataractous changes associated with EMT occurring in the K14E6 mice lenses are associated with TGF- and Wnt/-catenin signaling activation.

Materials And Methods: Cataracts of K14E6 mice were analysed histologically; and components of TGF- and Wnt/-catenin signaling were evaluated by Western blot, RT-qPCR, in situ RT-PCR, IHC, or IF technics. Metalloproteinases involved in EMT were also assayed using zymography.

The PDZ-Binding Motif of HPV16-E6 Oncoprotein Modulates the Keratinization and Stemness Transcriptional Profile .

Objective: The aim of this work was to compare the early gene expression profiles in the skin of HPV16-E6 transgenic mice regulated by the E6 PDZ-binding motif.

Materials And Methods: The global transcriptional profiles in dorsal skin biopsies from K14E6 and K14E6Δ146-151 transgenic mice were compared using microarrays. Relevant genes obtained from the most differentially expressed processes were further examined by RT-qPCR, in situ RT-PCR, Western blot, or immunofluorescence.

genotype but not or increase the risk of ulcer and gastric cancer in patients from Southern Mexico.

Background: The , and genotypes of are associated with gastric pathology. The objectives were to determine the frequency of infection and distribution of the , and genotypes of in patients with gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis and gastric cancer, and to evaluate the association of virulent genotypes with diagnosis.

Methods: We studied 921 patients with symptoms of dyspepsia or with presumptive diagnosis of gastric cancer.

The HPV16 E7 Oncoprotein Disrupts Dendritic Cell Function and Induces the Systemic Expansion of CD11b(+)Gr1(+) Cells in a Transgenic Mouse Model.

Objective. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein on dendritic cells (DCs) and CD11b(+)Gr1(+) cells using the K14E7 transgenic mouse model. Materials and Methods.

Clarithromycin resistance and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori virulent genotypes in patients from Southern México with chronic gastritis.

In developing countries, clarithromycin resistance and frequency of re-infection are factors that contribute to high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this research was determine the prevalence of clarithromycin resistance and its relation with A2142G, A2142C and A2143G mutations in the domain V of the 23S rRNA gene of H. pylori isolates in patients from Southern Mexico with chronic gastritis.

Skeletal manifestations of Marfan syndrome associated to heterozygous R2726W FBN1 variant: sibling case report and literature review.

Background: FBN1 (15q21.1) encodes fibrillin-1, a large glycoprotein which is a major component of microfibrils that are widely distributed in structural elements of elastic and non-elastic tissues. FBN1 variants are responsible for the related connective tissue disorders, grouped under the generic term of type-1 fibrillinopathies, which include Marfan syndrome (MFS), MASS syndrome (Mitral valve prolapse, Aortic enlargement, Skin and Skeletal findings, Acromicric dysplasia, Familial ectopia lentis, Geleophysic dysplasia 2, Stiff skin syndrome, and dominant Weill-Marchesani syndrome.

Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein upregulates the retinoic acid receptor-beta expression in cervical cancer cell lines and K14E7 transgenic mice.

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses is the main etiological factor in cervical cancer (CC). The human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E7 oncoprotein alters several cellular processes, regulating the expression of many genes in order to avoid cell cycle control. Retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB) blocks cell growth, inducing differentiation and apoptosis.

Gene expression profile regulated by the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein and estradiol in cervical tissue.

The HPV16 E7 oncoprotein and 17β-estradiol are important factors for the induction of premalignant lesions and cervical cancer. The study of these factors is crucial for a better understanding of cervical tumorigenesis. Here, we assessed the global gene expression profiles induced by the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein and/or 17β-estradiol in cervical tissue of FvB and K14E7 transgenic mice.

[Profiles of cell proliferation and apoptosis in the mouse epithelial regeneration model K6b-E6/E7].

Background: Mammals have limited epithelial regeneration capacity. The K6b-E6/E7 mice model has been described as useful for the study of epithelial regeneration. The objective of this study is to compare the expression of E6/E7 oncogenes with those of cell proliferation and apoptosis during epithelization.

The E6 oncoprotein from HPV16 enhances the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in skin epidermis in vivo.

The contribution of the Wnt signaling pathway to human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced carcinogenesis is poorly understood. In high-grade dysplastic lesions that are caused by high-risk HPVs (HR-HPV), β-catenin is often located in the cell nucleus, which suggests that Wnt pathway may be involved in the development of HPV-related carcinomas. Most of the oncogenic potential of HR-HPVs resides on the PDZ-binding domain of E6 protein.