Individualised dosimetry and safety of SIRT for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with Y resin microspheres for the treatment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). A total of 23 SIRT procedures from 18 ICC subjects were analysed to determine a lesion-based dose/response relationship with absorbed dose measures from Y PET and metabolic response as measured on [F]FDG PET. Average absorbed dose (D), minimum dose to 70% of the volume (D), volume receiving at least 50 Gy (V), biological effective dose (BED) and equivalent uniform dose (EUD), were compared to changes in metabolic volume, maximum standardised uptake value (SUV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG).

Overlooked potential of positrons in cancer therapy.

Positron (β) emitting radionuclides have been used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in diagnostic medicine since its development in the 1950s. Development of a fluorinated glucose analog, fluorodeoxyglucose, labelled with a β emitter fluorine-18 (F-FDG), made it possible to image cellular targets with high glycolytic metabolism. These targets include cancer cells based on increased aerobic metabolism due to the Warburg effect, and thus, F-FDG is a staple in nuclear medicine clinics globally.

Performance evaluation of quantitative SPECT/CT using NEMA NU 2 PET methodology.

Although PET is routinely evaluated using NEMA NU2 as standard in the clinic, standard methodology for evaluating the performance of quantitative SPECT systems has not been established. In this study, the quantitative performance of the Symbia Intevo SPECT/CT was evaluated for two common isotopes (Tc, Lu) and benchmarked against the performance of a PET/CT. A further aim was to demonstrate the utility of adapting NEMA NU2 PET measurements to SPECT.

SPECT V/Q in Lung Cancer Radiotherapy Planning.

Curative-intent lung cancer radiation therapy either alone (RT) or combined with immuno-chemotherapy is associated with potential risk of serious radiation-induced lung injury. This review provides a summary of the role of SPECT ventilation perfusion (V/Q) imaging as an emerging adjunct to lung cancer RT planning and treatment dosimetry. Denoted "functional lung avoidance RT" it is hypothesized that preferential dosimetric avoidance of physiologically functional lung may reduce the frequency of radiation-induced lung injury.

CT ventilation imaging derived from breath hold CT exhibits good regional accuracy with Galligas PET.

Background And Purpose: CT ventilation imaging (CTVI) derived from four dimensional CT (4DCT) has shown only moderate spatial accuracy in humans due to 4DCT image artefacts. Here we assess the accuracy of an improved CTVI using high quality exhale/inhale breath-hold CT (BHCT).

Materials And Methods: Eighteen lung cancer patients underwent exhale/inhale BHCT, 4DCT and Galligas PET ventilation scans in a single imaging session.

(68)Ga PET Ventilation and Perfusion Lung Imaging-Current Status and Future Challenges.

Gallium-68 ((68)Ga) is a positron-emitting radionuclide suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging that has a number of convenient features-it has a physical half life of 68 minutes, it is generator produced at the PET facility and needs no local cyclotron, and being a radiometal is able to be chelated to a number of useful molecules for diagnostic imaging with PET. (68)Ga has recently been investigated as a radiotracer for ventilation and perfusion (V/Q) lung imaging. It is relatively easy to produce both V/Q radiopharmaceuticals labeled with (68)Ga for PET studies, it offers higher spatial resolution than equivalent SPECT studies, the short half life allows for multiple (repeated) scans on the same day, and low amounts of radiotracer can be used thus limiting the radiation dose to the subject.

Measurement of preoperative lobar lung function with computed tomography ventilation imaging: progress towards rapid stratification of lung cancer lobectomy patients with abnormal lung function.

Objectives: In lung cancer preoperative evaluation, functional lung imaging is commonly used to assess lobar function. Computed tomography ventilation (CT-V) imaging is an emerging lung function imaging modality. We compared CT-V imaging assessment of lobar function and its prediction of postoperative lung function to that achieved by (i) positron emission tomography ventilation (PET-V) imaging and (ii) the standard anatomical segment counting (ASC) method.

Does a diet low in FODMAPs reduce symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Functional gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, distension, constipation, diarrhea and flatulence have been noted in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The diversity of symptoms has meant that finding an effective treatment has been challenging with most treatments alleviating only the primary symptom. A novel treatment option for IBS and IBD currently generating much excitement is the low fermentable, oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyol (FODMAP) diet.

The Nano-X Linear Accelerator: A Compact and Economical Cancer Radiotherapy System Incorporating Patient Rotation.

Rapid technological improvements in radiotherapy delivery results in improved outcomes to patients, yet current commercial systems with these technologies on board are costly. The aim of this study was to develop a state-of-the-art cancer radiotherapy system that is economical and space efficient fitting with current world demands. The Nano-X system is a compact design that is light weight combining a patient rotation system with a vertical 6 MV fixed beam.

A study of the native cell wall structures of the marine alga Ventricaria ventricosa (Siphonocladales, Chlorophyceae) using atomic force microscopy.

A substantial proportion of the architecture of the plant cell wall remains unknown with a few cell wall models being proposed. Moreover, even less is known about the green algal cell wall. Techniques that allow direct visualization of the cell wall in as near to its native state are of importance in unravelling the spatial arrangement of cell wall structures and hence in the development of cell wall models.