Cu Treatment Planning and Cu Therapy with Radiolabeled [Cu/Cu]MeCOSar-Octreotate in Subjects with Unresectable Multifocal Meningioma: Initial Results for Human Imaging, Safety, Biodistribution, and Radiation Dosimetry.

Our aim was to report the use of Cu and Cu as a theranostic pair of radionuclides in human subjects. An additional aim was to measure whole-organ dosimetry of Cu and Cu attached to the somatostatin analog octreotate using the sarcophagine MeCOSar chelator (SARTATE) in subjects with somatostatin receptor-expressing lesions confined to the cranium, thereby permitting normal-organ dosimetry for the remainder of the body. Pretreatment PET imaging studies were performed up to 24 h after injection of [Cu]Cu-SARTATE, and normal-organ dosimetry was estimated using OLINDA/EXM.

Lu-PSMA SPECT Quantitation at 6 Weeks (Dose 2) Predicts Short Progression-Free Survival for Patients Undergoing Lu-PSMA-I&T Therapy.

Lu-PSMA is an effective treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Our ability to assess response rates and adjust treatment may be improved using predictive tools. This study aimed to evaluate change in Lu-PSMA SPECT quantitative parameters to monitor treatment response.

Individualised dosimetry and safety of SIRT for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with Y resin microspheres for the treatment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). A total of 23 SIRT procedures from 18 ICC subjects were analysed to determine a lesion-based dose/response relationship with absorbed dose measures from Y PET and metabolic response as measured on [F]FDG PET. Average absorbed dose (D), minimum dose to 70% of the volume (D), volume receiving at least 50 Gy (V), biological effective dose (BED) and equivalent uniform dose (EUD), were compared to changes in metabolic volume, maximum standardised uptake value (SUV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG).

Overlooked potential of positrons in cancer therapy.

Positron (β) emitting radionuclides have been used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in diagnostic medicine since its development in the 1950s. Development of a fluorinated glucose analog, fluorodeoxyglucose, labelled with a β emitter fluorine-18 (F-FDG), made it possible to image cellular targets with high glycolytic metabolism. These targets include cancer cells based on increased aerobic metabolism due to the Warburg effect, and thus, F-FDG is a staple in nuclear medicine clinics globally.

Quantitative PET in the 2020s: a roadmap.

Positron emission tomography (PET) plays an increasingly important role in research and clinical applications, catalysed by remarkable technical advances and a growing appreciation of the need for reliable, sensitive biomarkers of human function in health and disease. Over the last 30 years, a large amount of the physics and engineering effort in PET has been motivated by the dominant clinical application during that period, oncology. This has led to important developments such as PET/CT, whole-body PET, 3D PET, accelerated statistical image reconstruction, and time-of-flight PET.

Performance evaluation of quantitative SPECT/CT using NEMA NU 2 PET methodology.

Although PET is routinely evaluated using NEMA NU2 as standard in the clinic, standard methodology for evaluating the performance of quantitative SPECT systems has not been established. In this study, the quantitative performance of the Symbia Intevo SPECT/CT was evaluated for two common isotopes (Tc, Lu) and benchmarked against the performance of a PET/CT. A further aim was to demonstrate the utility of adapting NEMA NU2 PET measurements to SPECT.

The VAMPIRE challenge: A multi-institutional validation study of CT ventilation imaging.

Purpose: CT ventilation imaging (CTVI) is being used to achieve functional avoidance lung cancer radiation therapy in three clinical trials (NCT02528942, NCT02308709, NCT02843568). To address the need for common CTVI validation tools, we have built the Ventilation And Medical Pulmonary Image Registration Evaluation (VAMPIRE) Dataset, and present the results of the first VAMPIRE Challenge to compare relative ventilation distributions between different CTVI algorithms and other established ventilation imaging modalities.

Methods: The VAMPIRE Dataset includes 50 pairs of 4DCT scans and corresponding clinical or experimental ventilation scans, referred to as reference ventilation images (RefVIs).

Feasibility and accuracy of single time point imaging for renal dosimetry following Lu-DOTATATE ('Lutate') therapy.

Background: This study aims to assess both feasibility and accuracy of renal dosimetry imaging protocols in patients receiving Lutate therapy for neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), when data acquisition over multiple days is not possible on all cycles.

Method: Patients who had received a full 4 cycles of Lutate therapy with complete imaging at each cycle were included. Imaging consisted of quantitative SPECT/CT of the kidneys at 4, 24 and 96-120 h post injection.

SPECT V/Q in Lung Cancer Radiotherapy Planning.

Curative-intent lung cancer radiation therapy either alone (RT) or combined with immuno-chemotherapy is associated with potential risk of serious radiation-induced lung injury. This review provides a summary of the role of SPECT ventilation perfusion (V/Q) imaging as an emerging adjunct to lung cancer RT planning and treatment dosimetry. Denoted "functional lung avoidance RT" it is hypothesized that preferential dosimetric avoidance of physiologically functional lung may reduce the frequency of radiation-induced lung injury.

A Comparison of 2D and 3D Kidney Absorbed Dose Measures in Patients Receiving Lu-DOTATATE.

Objectives: To investigate and compare quantitative accuracy of kidney absorbed dose measures made from both 2D and 3D imaging in patients receiving Lu-DOTATATE (Lutate) for treatment of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs).

Methods: Patients receiving Lutate therapy underwent both whole body planar imaging and SPECT/CT imaging over the kidneys at time points 0.5, 4, 24, and 96-120 hours after injection.

CT ventilation imaging derived from breath hold CT exhibits good regional accuracy with Galligas PET.

Background And Purpose: CT ventilation imaging (CTVI) derived from four dimensional CT (4DCT) has shown only moderate spatial accuracy in humans due to 4DCT image artefacts. Here we assess the accuracy of an improved CTVI using high quality exhale/inhale breath-hold CT (BHCT).

Materials And Methods: Eighteen lung cancer patients underwent exhale/inhale BHCT, 4DCT and Galligas PET ventilation scans in a single imaging session.

Dual Somatostatin Receptor/FDG PET/CT Imaging in Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumours: Proposal for a Novel Grading Scheme with Prognostic Significance.

PET scans using FDG and somatostatin receptor imaging agents have both been used to study neuroendocrine tumours. Most reports have documented the sensitivity and specificity of each radiopharmaceutical independently, and even suggested the superiority of one over the other for different grades of disease. The aim of this work was to develop a grading scheme that describes the joint results of both the FDG and somatostatin receptor imaging PET scans in staging subjects with neuroendocrine tumours in a single combined parameter.

(68)Ga PET Ventilation and Perfusion Lung Imaging-Current Status and Future Challenges.

Gallium-68 ((68)Ga) is a positron-emitting radionuclide suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging that has a number of convenient features-it has a physical half life of 68 minutes, it is generator produced at the PET facility and needs no local cyclotron, and being a radiometal is able to be chelated to a number of useful molecules for diagnostic imaging with PET. (68)Ga has recently been investigated as a radiotracer for ventilation and perfusion (V/Q) lung imaging. It is relatively easy to produce both V/Q radiopharmaceuticals labeled with (68)Ga for PET studies, it offers higher spatial resolution than equivalent SPECT studies, the short half life allows for multiple (repeated) scans on the same day, and low amounts of radiotracer can be used thus limiting the radiation dose to the subject.

Measurement of preoperative lobar lung function with computed tomography ventilation imaging: progress towards rapid stratification of lung cancer lobectomy patients with abnormal lung function.

Objectives: In lung cancer preoperative evaluation, functional lung imaging is commonly used to assess lobar function. Computed tomography ventilation (CT-V) imaging is an emerging lung function imaging modality. We compared CT-V imaging assessment of lobar function and its prediction of postoperative lung function to that achieved by (i) positron emission tomography ventilation (PET-V) imaging and (ii) the standard anatomical segment counting (ASC) method.

Does a diet low in FODMAPs reduce symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Functional gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, distension, constipation, diarrhea and flatulence have been noted in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The diversity of symptoms has meant that finding an effective treatment has been challenging with most treatments alleviating only the primary symptom. A novel treatment option for IBS and IBD currently generating much excitement is the low fermentable, oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyol (FODMAP) diet.

The Nano-X Linear Accelerator: A Compact and Economical Cancer Radiotherapy System Incorporating Patient Rotation.

Rapid technological improvements in radiotherapy delivery results in improved outcomes to patients, yet current commercial systems with these technologies on board are costly. The aim of this study was to develop a state-of-the-art cancer radiotherapy system that is economical and space efficient fitting with current world demands. The Nano-X system is a compact design that is light weight combining a patient rotation system with a vertical 6 MV fixed beam.

A study of the native cell wall structures of the marine alga Ventricaria ventricosa (Siphonocladales, Chlorophyceae) using atomic force microscopy.

A substantial proportion of the architecture of the plant cell wall remains unknown with a few cell wall models being proposed. Moreover, even less is known about the green algal cell wall. Techniques that allow direct visualization of the cell wall in as near to its native state are of importance in unravelling the spatial arrangement of cell wall structures and hence in the development of cell wall models.