Paediatric musculoskeletal matters (pmm)--collaborative development of an online evidence based interactive learning tool and information resource for education in paediatric musculoskeletal medicine.

Background: We describe the collaborative development of an evidence based, free online resource namely 'paediatric musculoskeletal matters' (pmm). This resource was developed with the aim of reaching a wide range of health professionals to increase awareness, knowledge and skills within paediatric musculoskeletal medicine, thereby facilitating early diagnosis and referral to specialist care.

Methods: Engagement with stakeholder groups (primary care, paediatrics, musculoskeletal specialties and medical students) informed the essential 'core' learning outcomes to derive content of pmm.

The Sonographic Features of the Thyroid Gland After Treatment with Radioiodine Therapy in Patients with Graves' Disease.

The aim of the study was to describe the typical sonographic features of the thyroid gland in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism after radioiodine therapy (RIT). Thirty patients (21 female and 9 male) with a mean age of 53 y (standard deviation [SD] ± 11.3) and with previous Graves' disease who had been successfully treated with RIT were enrolled in the study.

Stroke survivors' perspectives on two novel models of inpatient rehabilitation: seven-day a week individual therapy or five-day a week circuit class therapy.

Purpose: To explore stroke survivors' perspectives of two novel models of inpatient physiotherapy, which provide an increased amount of therapy: five days a week circuit class therapy and seven days a week individual therapy.

Method: This is a qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. The participants were 10 purposively sampled stroke survivors in the post-acute phase of recovery, who had experienced seven days a week individual therapy or five days a week circuit group therapy during inpatient rehabilitation.

Reducing Sitting Time After Stroke: A Phase II Safety and Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To test the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of reducing sitting time in stroke survivors.

Design: Randomized controlled trial with attention-matched controls and blinded assessments.

Setting: Community.

Pharmacological identification of cholinergic receptor subtypes on Drosophila melanogaster larval heart.

The Drosophila melanogaster heart is a popular model in which to study cardiac physiology and development. Progress has been made in understanding the role of endogenous compounds in regulating cardiac function in this model. It is well characterized that common neurotransmitters act on many peripheral and non-neuronal tissues as they flow through the hemolymph of insects.

Administration of thimerosal-containing vaccines to infant rhesus macaques does not result in autism-like behavior or neuropathology.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Some anecdotal reports suggest that ASD is related to exposure to ethyl mercury, in the form of the vaccine preservative, thimerosal, and/or receiving the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine. Using infant rhesus macaques receiving thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) following the recommended pediatric vaccine schedules from the 1990s and 2008, we examined behavior, and neuropathology in three brain regions found to exhibit neuropathology in postmortem ASD brains.

Sitting time and physical activity after stroke: physical ability is only part of the story.

Background: Understanding factors that influence the amount of time people with stroke spend sitting and being active is important to inform the development of targeted interventions.

Objective: To explore the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial factors associated with daily sitting time and physical activity in people with stroke.

Method: Secondary analysis of an observational study (n = 50, mean age 67.

Mineral Acquisition from Clay by Budongo Forest Chimpanzees.

Chimpanzees of the Sonso community, Budongo Forest, Uganda were observed eating clay and drinking clay-water from waterholes. We show that clay, clay-rich water, and clay obtained with leaf sponges, provide a range of minerals in different concentrations. The presence of aluminium in the clay consumed indicates that it takes the form of kaolinite.

Scapular dyskinesis following displaced fractures of the middle clavicle.

Purpose: To evaluate the rate of scapular dyskinesis and resulting patient outcomes after treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures.

Methods: Skeletally mature patients with isolated, displaced midshaft clavicle fractures treated with or without surgery over a 16-month period were recruited. The minimum length of follow-up at study examination was 12 months.

Sitting and Activity Time in People With Stroke.

Background: Excessive sitting time is linked to cardiovascular disease morbidity. To date, no studies have accurately measured sitting time patterns in people with stroke.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the amount and pattern of accumulation of sitting time, physical activity, and use of time in people with stroke compared with age-matched healthy peers.

Time regained: when people stop a physical activity program, how does their time use change? A randomised controlled trial.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to investigate how previously inactive adults who had participated in a structured, partly supervised 6-week exercise program restructured their time budgets when the program ended. Using a randomised controlled trial design, 129 previously inactive adults were recruited and randomly allocated to one of three groups: a Moderate or Extensive six-week physical activity intervention (150 and 300 additional minutes of exercise per week, respectively) or a Control group. Additional physical activity was accumulated through both group and individual exercise sessions with a wide range of activities.

Charged Termini on the Trp-Cage Roughen the Folding Energy Landscape.

We study the energy landscape and thermodynamics of the zwitterionic variant of the widely studied TC5b Trp-cage protein using replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations. We show that the addition of two charge groups at the termini has dramatic consequences to the folding landscape. First, the addition of charged ends increases the equilibration time of the simulation by a factor of 2.

Is more physiotherapy better after stroke?

'More is better' has been the mantra for physiotherapists working in stroke rehabilitation. Studies examining the neuroplasticity of the brain have shown that repetitive, meaningful practice is essential to drive positive plasticity, and meta-analyses of clinical trials provide evidence of benefit of increased therapy provision. However, a recent large clinical trial appears to contradict this evidence.

The Effect of the Epitendinous Suture on Gliding in a Cadaveric Model of Zone II Flexor Tendon Repair.

Purpose: We hypothesized that increasing core sutures (4-6) may be preferable in terms of gliding coefficient (GC) measurements when compared with adding an epitendinous suture to zone II flexor tendon repairs. We hypothesized that the inclusion of epitendinous suture in 2 standard repairs would contribute negatively to the GC of the repaired tendon.

Methods: Nineteen fresh-frozen cadaveric fingers were used for testing.

Alternating Sitting and Standing Increases the Workplace Energy Expenditure of Overweight Adults.

Background: To determine whether alternating bouts of sitting and standing at work influences daily workplace energy expenditure (EE).

Methods: Twenty-three overweight/obese office workers (mean ± SD; age: 48.2 ± 7.

New FDA-Approved Disease-Modifying Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis.

Purpose: Interferon injectables and glatiramer acetate have served as the primary disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) since their introduction in the 1990s and are first-line treatments for relapsing-remitting forms of MS (RRMS). Many new drug therapies were launched since early 2010, expanding the drug treatment options considerably in a disease state that once had a limited treatment portfolio. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the safety profile and efficacy data of disease-modifying agents for MS approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from 2010 to the present and provide cost and available pharmacoeconomic data about each new treatment.

Elbow magnetic resonance imaging: imaging anatomy and evaluation.

The elbow is a complex joint. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often the imaging modality of choice in the workup of elbow pain, especially in sports injuries and younger patients who often have either a history of a chronic repetitive strain such as the throwing athlete or a distinct traumatic injury. Traumatic injuries and alternative musculoskeletal pathologies can affect the ligaments, musculotendinous, cartilaginous, and osseous structures of the elbow as well as the 3 main nerves to the upper limb, and these structures are best assessed with MRI.

Circuit class therapy or seven-day week therapy for increasing rehabilitation intensity of therapy after stroke (CIRCIT): a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Increased therapy has been linked to improvements in functional ability of people with stroke.

Aim: To determine the effectiveness of two alternative models of increased physiotherapy service delivery (seven-day week therapy or group circuit class therapy five days a week) to usual care.

Method: Three-armed randomized controlled trial with blinded assessment of outcome.

Observing electron extraction by monolayer graphene using time-resolved surface photoresponse measurements.

Graphene is considered a next-generation electrode for indium tin oxide (ITO)-free organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs). However, to date, limited numbers of OPVs containing surface-modified graphene electrodes perform as well as ITO-based counterparts, and no devices containing a bare graphene electrode have been reported to yield satisfactory rectification characteristics. In this report, we provide experimental data to learn why.

Flexor digitorum superficialis repair outside the A2 pulley after zone II laceration: gliding and bowstringing.

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in maximum flexion angle, gliding coefficient, and bowstringing after a combined repair of both flexor tendons with the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) rerouted outside the A2 pulley in cadaveric hands.

Methods: We performed 4 different repairs on cadaveric hands, with each repair tested on 9 unique digits. In total, 12 cadaveric hands and 36 digits were used.

Vortioxetine (brintellix): a new serotonergic antidepressant.

Vortioxetine (Brintellix): a new serotonergic antidepressant.