Long-term ultrasonographic changes of the canine prostate gland after castration.

Introduction: Ultrasound imaging (US) is the method of choice to assess the canine prostate gland. Whilst recent studies have documented the role of castration in the development of prostatic neoplasia, little is known about parenchymal and perfusion features of the normal and abnormal prostate in neutered dogs. No data are available concerning prostatic changes after the first 90 days following castration.

Exploring racial disparities in sex trafficking special docket court programs.

Purpose: The United States criminal legal system has a long-standing and well-documented history of perpetuating racial disparities in health and well-being through inequitable policing, sentencing, and incarceration practices. In the last decade, the criminal legal system has re-considered their response to women arrested for solicitation via sex trafficking specialty courts.

Methods: The current study leverages publicly available data from one large Midwestern county to explore the presence of racial disparities within women's referral to, election to participate in, and success within one specialty court program for women in the sex trade.

Effect of neutering timing in relation to puberty on health in the female dog-a scoping review.

Background: Effects of neutering on bitch health have been reported, and are suggested to relate to bitch age at the time of neutering for some diseases. However, variation between published studies in terms of study populations and methodologies makes comparison and consolidation of the evidence difficult.

Objective: A scoping review was designed to systematically search the available literature to identify and chart the evidence on the effect of neutering timing in relation to puberty on five health outcomes: atopy, developmental orthopaedic disease (DOD), neoplasia, obesity and urogenital disease.

"It's Not Love, Baby Doll. It's Science": Experiences of Trauma Bonding Among Survivors of Sex Trafficking.

Trauma bonds between sex trafficking survivors and their traffickers or other perpetrators are one of the most complex and least understood concerns facing survivors. This community-based participatory research phenomenological study sought to understand how survivors have experienced trauma bonding. The sample consisted of 19 female survivors who were all participants in or graduates of a human trafficking specialty docket.

UK horse owners and veterinary practitioners' experiences of decision-making for critical cases of colic.

Background: The survival of horses diagnosed with critical colic (requiring referral or euthanasia) relies on rapid and effective decision-making by the owner and veterinary practitioner.

Objectives: To explore UK horse owners' and veterinary practitioners' experiences of decision-making for critical cases of equine colic.

Study Design: Qualitative study using a phenomenological approach.

A scoping review on the use of reflection and reflective portfolio learning in veterinary education.

Introduction: In veterinary education, reflection and reflective portfolio learning aim to enhance professional development. Although reflection and reflective portfolio learning are widely used in teaching and healthcare, their demonstrable impact on veterinary education is unclear. Although the benefits are uncertain, reflection may provide potential for self-development and help to prepare students for clinical practice.

"I Had to Allow Myself to Heal": How Survivors of Sex Trafficking Have Experienced Healing From Trauma Bonding.

Among the many issues facing sex trafficking survivors, the trauma bonds they develop with their perpetrators are one of the most complex and least understood concerns. This community-based participatory research phenomenological study explored this phenomenon by asking: How have survivors of sex trafficking experienced healing from trauma bonding? The sample consisted of 19 female survivors who were all participants in or graduates of a human trafficking specialty docket. Three themes emerged: survivors shared that (a) building trusting and honest relationships, (b) their relationships with themselves, and (c) education all played a pivotal role in the healing they had experienced.

INSL3 Variation in Dogs Following Suppression and Recovery of the HPG Axis.

Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is a constitutive product of mature, adult-type Leydig cells of the testes and consequently in most mammals is an ideal biomarker with which to monitor pubertal development. A new heterologous time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay was developed and validated to measure circulating INSL3 in the blood of adult male dogs. Compared to other species, INSL3 concentration is low with marked variation between individuals, which appears to be independent of breed, age, or weight.

Digital postprocessing analysis of prostatic perfusion in neutered dogs.

B-mode ultrasound is routinely performed to evaluate the prostate gland in neutered dogs, although, the detection of malignancies may be challenging. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has shown to be useful for the assessment of prostatic perfusion in normal and diseased dogs, although the interpretation of contrast ultrasonographic features may still be subjective. A quantitative tool for evaluating prostatic perfusion might improve the reliability of the results in terms of early detection of prostate neoplasia in neutered dogs.

Prospective case study of critical decision making for horses referred for treatment of colic.

Background: There is limited evidence on factors affecting critical decision making for horses with colic. This study's aim was to describe the assessment and decision making involved in horses referred for management of colic.

Methods: An in-depth case analysis was used to document case presentation, decision making and outcomes for horses referred for colic to two UK equine veterinary practices over a 12-month period.

Luteal phase decrease in packed cell volume in healthy non-pregnant and pregnant bitches.

Objectives: To establish packed cell volume (PCV) ranges for non-pregnant, pregnant and post-partum bitches from day 10 of proestrus, investigating any relationship with parity and litter size.

Methods: This prospective cohort study used 37 healthy breeding bitches to examine PCV counts from routine blood samples collected every 4 weeks, from day 10 of proestrus, as part of routine PCV monitoring.

Results: For pregnant (n = 19) and non-pregnant (n = 18) bitches, PCV decreased until week 8 (corresponding to 8.

Use of human behaviour change models to investigate horse owner intention to adopt emergency colic recommendations.

Background: Behavioural models are widely used within human medicine to understand beliefs and intention associated with major health interventions.

Objectives: To investigate horse-owner beliefs and practices associated with emergency colic planning.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

General and comparative aspects of endometritis in domestic species: A review.

Endometritis is a leading cause of sub- and infertility in domestic animal species. The healthy uterus is colonized by commensal bacteria, viruses and yeast/fungi that represent the nonpathogenic microbiota. A shift in the number or type of organisms accompanied by immune dysfunction, however, may trigger uterine infection and inflammation.

A Prospective Cohort Study Investigating the Impact of Neutering Bitches Prepubertally or Post-Pubertally on Physical Development.

No previous large prospective cohort studies have been identified that have investigated the impact of the surgical neutering of bitches before or after known puberty on their growth and physical development. This study was designed to examine the data on physical development, vulval size, and conformation for bitches neutered by ovariohysterectomy before puberty (PPN, = 155) or after puberty (control, = 151) using a prospective cohort study design. Data were gathered at six- and 17-months of age using bespoke physical assessment forms and digital images of the vulva.

Effect of neutering timing in relation to puberty on female dog behaviour-A scoping review.

Background: There are contradictory findings in the literature relating to the effects of timing of neutering on bitch behaviour that make decision making regarding neutering timing difficult.

Methods: A scoping review was designed to identify and chart the evidence on the effect of neutering timing in relation to puberty on the behaviour of female domesticated dogs. A protocol was registered, and literature searches were conducted in CAB Abstracts, Medline and Web of Science.

Environmental risk factors in puppies and kittens for developing chronic disorders in adulthood: A call for research on developmental programming.

Many dogs and cats are affected by chronic diseases that significantly impact their health and welfare and relationships with humans. Some of these diseases can be challenging to treat, and a better understanding of early-life risk factors for diseases occurring in adulthood is key to improving preventive veterinary care and husbandry practices. This article reviews early-life risk factors for obesity and chronic enteropathy, and for chronic behavioral problems, which can also be intractable with life-changing consequences.

A prospective cohort study investigating the peri- and postoperative outcomes following ovariohysterectomy in bitches neutered prepubertally or post-pubertally.

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate perioperative and postoperative outcomes for bitches that were neutered at different times in relation to puberty (rather than age). Three hundred and six Labrador and Golden Retriever crossbreed bitches were neutered before (prepubertal neuter [PPN], n = 155) or after puberty (Control, n = 151) by experienced veterinarians at one of four veterinary practices (VP1-4). Data were gathered from veterinarians at the time of neutering and from bitch caregivers for the 14-day period after neutering using purpose-designed questionnaires.

A Prospective Cohort Study Investigating the Behavioural Development of Bitches in a Guide Dog Training Programme Neutered Prepubertally or Post-Pubertally.

There are few studies that investigate the effect of neutering bitches before or after puberty. The majority of current literature examining the impact of the timing of neutering on health and behaviour has used age rather than the onset of puberty as the key variable. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the effects of timing of neutering in relation to puberty on behaviour in female dogs reared and trained in an assistance dog programme.

Scoping review of end-of-life decision-making models used in dogs, cats and equids.

Background: End-of-life decisions for companion animals can be stressful for veterinarians and owners, and when delayed result in poor animal welfare. Delayed euthanasia has been identified as a particularly prominent issue for horses. This scoping review aimed to identify the available literature on veterinary decision-making models, which can support end-of-life planning.

Electronic Medication Record Accuracy in Haemodialysis Outpatient Settings.

Aims Irish haemodialysis (HD) units operate the electronic Kidney Disease Clinical Patient Management System (KDCPMS). KDCMPS is not always used as the primary electronic patient record. At this study setting, KDCPMS information accuracy has not been examined to date.

Comparative pathology of dog and human prostate cancer.

Though relatively rare in dogs, prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men. Human and canine prostate glands share many functional, anatomical and physiological features. Due to these similarities, canine PCa has been proposed as a model for PCa in men.

Imaging of Canine Neoplastic Reproductive Disorders.

Diagnostic imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis and management of reproductive neoplasia in dogs and cats. The initial diagnosis, staging, and planning of surgical and radiation treatment and the response to therapy all involve imaging to varying degrees. Routine radiographs, ultrasound, nuclear medicine, and cross-sectional imaging in the form of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are routinely used in canine reproductive disorders.

Environmental chemicals in dog testes reflect their geographical source and may be associated with altered pathology.

In humans and dogs, a temporal decline in semen quality and increased incidence of testicular cancer is hypothesised to be associated with exposure to anthropogenic chemicals, particularly during fetal development. Human studies suggest that differential exposures to environmental chemicals may be associated with geographical differences in male reproductive health. Here we investigate testicular chemical profiles and pathologies in dogs residing in the UK [West Midlands (WM), East Midlands (EM), South East (SE)], Denmark (Copenhagen) and Finland (Vantaa).

Cross-sectional study of UK horse owner's purchase and euthanasia decision-making for their horse.

Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate factors affecting horse owners' purchase and euthanasia decisions that had been identified in a qualitative study.

Methods: An online survey on horse owners' purchase and euthanasia decisions and experiences was distributed using snowball sampling. Inclusion criteria were previous experience of purchase or euthanasia decisions.