Pituitary macroadenomas (>3 cm) in young adulthood: Pathologic and proliferative characteristics.

Background: There are scarce data regarding the significance of the tumor size, hormonal activity and size of the pituitary tumor of the young; therefore, the study was designed to define the relation of the hormonal status of the large pituitary adenomas.

Objective: We compared those features with tumors of the elderly (>40) with the young patients, and analyzed the clinicopathologic and proliferative features of pituitary macroadenomas in young adulthood (≤40).

Methods: 20-year archives of pituitary tumors in our clinics were reviewed and macroadenomas with diameter≥3 cm were included in the study.

Surgical strategies for the removal of sphenoorbital meningiomas.

Aim: Surgical removal of sphenoorbital meningiomas is challenging for neurosurgeons. The aim of study is to share our experience on sphenoorbital meningiomas and to provide a picture of the current state of the art in surgical treatment of these tumors.

Material And Methods: The data of 13 cases of sphenoorbital meningioma who were operated between 2006 and 2013 was reviewed retrospectively.

The use of neuronavigation and intraoperative imaging systems in the surgical treatment of orbital tumors.

Aim: We aimed to show the effects of neuronavigation and intraoperative imaging systems on the surgical outcomes of orbital tumors.

Material And Methods: Seventeen patients who underwent surgical treatment for orbital tumors by transcranial and transnasal approaches between 2008 and 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Twelve of them were male and 5 were female.

A case of multiple bone fractures due to the use of topical corticosteroid therapy for psoriasis.

A 45-year-old man who had psoriasis had applied topical clobetasol 17 propionate ointment on his whole body 2-3 times a week after the bath for 20 years. Physical examination showed abdominal distension, atrophy all over the skin, psoriatic plaques on the trunk, and extremities and multiple striae on the shoulders and legs. Morning plasma cortisol level and ACTH stimulation test confirmed the diagnosis of hypothalamic insufficiency.

The use of a simple self-retaining retractor in the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary macroadenomas: technical note.

Background: During tumor removal in the endoscopic endonasal approach to pituitary adenomas with a significant suprasellar extension, the early descent of diaphragma sellae obscuring the visualization of the surgical field is a surgical challenge.

Objective: To describe a simple diaphragma retraction technique to eliminate this problem.

Methods: A transparent flexible material (a strip of polypropylene) was used as a self-retaining retractor to elevate the redundant diaphragma and to maintain the diaphragma elevation.

Surgical management strategies of intracranial arachnoid cysts: a single institution experience of 75 cases.

Aim: Arachnoid cysts are benign intra-arachnoid cystic lesions filled with cerebrospinal fluid. With advent of modern treatment techniques, debate continues regarding which surgical treatment is most effective. MATERIAL and

Methods: A consecutive series of 75 patients with arachnoid cysts that were surgically treated between January 1992 and December 2009 are reported.

An evaluation of the effectiveness of pre-ischemic hyperbaric oxygen and post-ischemic aminoguanidine in experimental cerebral ischemia.

Objective: To study the effects of pre-ischemic hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and post-ischemic aminoguanidine (AG) on the infarct volume in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Methods: This study was approved by the Animal Experiments Ethics Committee of Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey and carried out from March 2006 to August 2006. A total of 28 Sprague-Dawley rats (200-320 g) were divided into 4 groups: control (K) group (n = 7); HBO group (n = 7); HBO + AG group (n = 7); and the AG group (n = 7).

Use of an ultra-low field intraoperative MRI system for pediatric brain tumor cases: initial experience with 'PoleStar N20'.

Aim: Use of intraoperative MRI (iMRI) is the highest contemporary supportive means for brain tumor surgery. In this article we describe the issues related to iMRI use in pediatric cranial operations.

Material And Methods: Pediatric cases operated with the aid of Polestar N20 iMRI system are defined and the pros and cons of the system are emphasized.

Management outcome of peroneal nerve injury at knee level: experience of a single military institution.

Background And Purpose: We investigated the management outcome of common peroneal nerve decompression at the knee level between the years 2005 and 2009.

Material And Methods: Thirty consecutive patients with knee-level peroneal nerve injury who underwent decompression surgery and external neurolysis at our institution were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by electrophysiological studies and motor examination (Medical Research Council grading).

Results: Twenty-eight of the cases were male and 2 were female.

Meta-analyses of intracerebral hematoma treatment.

Aim: The aim of this study is to define the position of surgery preference in the treatment choice for spontaneous intracerebral hematoma (ICH) and to compare the efficacy of surgery with the medical treatment based on data from 18 previously reported randomized prospective studies on this topic.

Material And Methods: Literature databases and articles were searched from 1960 to 2010. Eighteen randomized studies on this topic were evaluated.

The effects of intrathecal nicergoline and nimodipine in cerebral vasospasm: an experimental study in rabbits.

Background: the aim of this study was to assess and to compare the ability of intrathecal nicergoline and nimodipine in prevention of cerebral vasospasm in a rabbit model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Method: twenty male New Zealand white rabbits were allocated into four groups randomly. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced by injecting autologous blood into the cisterna magna.

Comparison of intrathecal flunarizine and nimodipine treatments in cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits.

Background: the aim of this study was to assess and to compare the ability of intrathecal flunarizine and nimodipine to prevent vasospasm in a rabbit model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Method: forty male New Zealand white rabbits were allocated into 5 groups randomly. The treatment groups were as follows: (1) control (no SAH [n = 8]), (2) SAH only (n = 8), (3) SAH plus vehicle (n = 8), (4) SAH plus nimodipine (n = 8), and (5) SAH plus flunarizine (n = 8).

Comparison of intrathecal dotarizine and nimodipine treatments in cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: an experimental study in rabbits.

Background: cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is one of the most considerable complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this study was to assess and to compare the ability of intrathecal dotarizine and nimodipine to prevent and treat vasospasm in a rabbit model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Method: thirty male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2,500-3,000 g were allocated into five groups randomly.

Diffuse cerebral arteriovenous malformation.

Diffuse cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare disorder of the brain and defined as diffuse infiltration of brain by complex vascular structures. It is usually associated with hereditary syndromes and presented with hemorrhage or seizure. We report a 20-year-old male patient who presented with drooping of the left eyelid.

The evaluation of surgical treatment options in the Chiari Malformation Type I.

Aim: There have been several treatment modalities to reduce the volume of the syringomyelic cavity and the pressure on the brainstem in Chiari Malformation Type I (CM-I). Foramen magnum decompression with and without duroplasty were compared in this retrospective study.

Material And Methods: From 2003 to 2006, 27 patients suffering from CMI were operated on at our institute.

Surgical outcomes of the brachial plexus lesions caused by gunshot wounds in adults.

Background: The management of brachial plexus injuries due to gunshot wounds is a surgical challenge. Better surgical strategies based on clinical and electrophysiological patterns are needed. The aim of this study is to clarify the factors which may influence the surgical technique and outcome of the brachial plexus lesions caused by gunshot injuries.

Traumatic brain injury due to gunshot wounds: a single institution's experience with 442 consecutive patients.

Aim: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by a gunshot wound is a complex injury with a broad spectrum of symptoms and high rates of mortality and morbidity. This study presents an evaluation of TBI caused by gunshot wounds presenting at a single institution and discusses possible predictive factors for the outcome of surgical intervention.

Material And Methods: The study sample consisted of 442 patients who underwent surgery for TBI over a 16-year period.

Tumors of the lateral ventricle: the factors that affected the preference of the surgical approach in 46 patiens.

Aim: Optimal surgical pathway for lateral ventricle tumors is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to discuss the factors that affected the preference of the surgical techniques for removing lateral ventricle tumors.

Material And Methods: 46 consecutive patients underwent operation for lateral ventricle tumors.

Facial nerve problems and hearing loss in patients with temporal bone fractures: demographic data.

Background: The incidence of temporal bone fractures have increased in recent decades together with the increasing traffic and population. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cause, treatment methods, radiologic, and intraoperative findings in patients with temporal bone fractures.

Methods: Thirty-five patients with temporal bone fracture who have been followed between 1992 and 2006 were retrospectively reviewed.

Initial experience with silver-impregnated polyurethane ventricular catheter for shunting of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with infected hydrocephalus.

Objective: Infection is a major complication and risk factor of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting procedures. Recently, antibiotic-impregnated shunt systems have been developed in an attempt to prevent or reduce the CSF infection. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of silver-impregnated polyurethane ventricular catheter for shunting of CSF in patients with infected hydrocephalus.

Comparison of the efficacies of antibiotic-impregnated and silver-impregnated ventricular catheters on the prevention of infections. An in vitro laboratory study.

Background And Objective: Infection of the cerebrospinal fluid is a life-threatening condition which is usually treated with systemic antibiotics and continued ventricular drainage in children. The aim of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial activities of two antimicrobial-agent-impregnated ventricular catheters and to compare their efficacies on the bacterial cultures.

Methods: Antibiotic-impregnated (clindamycin and rifampicin), silver-impregnated, and standard ventricular catheters were used in this study.

Cervical congenital midline meningoceles in adults.

Objective: The clinical presentation, biomechanical evaluation, and surgical techniques for repairing cervical meningoceles in adulthood are presented. Cervical meningoceles are typically diagnosed in childhood and are rarely reported among spinal dysraphic lesions in adulthood. In most cases, the cervical spinal cord is found tethered to the dura and other soft tissues by fibrous or fibroneural elements.

Transsphenoidal approaches to the pituitary: a progression in experience in a single centre.

Background: Evolving of a single centre by means of different transsphenoidal approaches during the survey of methodological advances in pituitary surgery is presented.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-three consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas underwent transphenoidal pituitary operations at Gulhane Military Medical Academy from January 1996 to October 2007. Retrospective chart-based analysis of the surgical methods of transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma operations were done.

Tethered cord syndrome in adulthood.

Objective/background: The standard treatment for tethered cord syndrome (operative vs nonoperative management) that presents in adulthood remains controversial. A comparative study of tethered cord syndrome in adulthood is needed.

Design: A retrospective chart-based analysis.

Evaluation of spinal missile injuries with respect to bullet trajectory, surgical indications and timing of surgical intervention: a new guideline.

Study Design: Analysis of the patients with spinal missile injury (SMI).

Objective: Choosing the optimum treatment for SMI with respect to bullet trajectory, evaluation of surgical indications, and timing of surgical intervention.

Summary Of Background Data: A few guidelines were reported for the management of SMI.