Nontypeable Otitis Media: Mastoiditis and Meningitis Complicated with Central Venous Thrombosis in an Immunocompetent Child.

Implementation of the type B (Hib) conjugate vaccine brought about a reduction in the number of cases and morbidity from type B but an increase in nontypeable strain infections. Nontypeable (NTHi) commonly colonizes children's upper respiratory tract and causes otitis media, sinusitis, and bronchitis. Invasive NTHi diseases, such as meningitis and septicemia, have rarely been reported.

Ototoxicity associated with topical administration of diclofenac sodium as an otic drop: An experimental animal study.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the ototoxicity of topical diclofenac sodium in comparison to positive and negative controls prior to the investigation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of the agent in otic administration.

Methods: Twenty four ears of 12 guinea pigs were included in the study. Wide myringotomy was performed on all tympanic membranes under general anesthesia and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were evaluated.

Submental Ultrasonographic Parameters among Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Objective This study aimed to determine the value of submental ultrasonography (US) parameters for diagnostic workup among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to determine whether there is a correlation between US findings and the severity of OSA. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting Tertiary education hospital.

Radiologic Evidence of Cochlear Implant Bone Bed Formation Following the Subperiosteal Temporal Pocket Technique.

Objective: To compare the thicknesses of bone beneath the internal receiver stimulator (IRS) with the symmetric contralateral unimplanted side in postoperative temporal high-resolution computed tomography (CT) and/or cranial CT of the patients for whom cochlear implants were secured by the subperiosteal temporal pocket technique.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care hospital, cochlear implant referral center.

Temporal Bone Localized Chondroblastoma.

Chondroblastoma is a highly destructive tumor originating from immature cartilage cells. Although chondroblastoma is defined as a benign tumor, it may exhibit malign tumor behaviors such as invasion or metastasis on neighboring structures. Magnetic resonance (MR) image is a solid mass lesion, which included heterogeneous hypointense in T2A and heterogeneous minimal hyperintense in T1A with destructive expansile characteristics and millimetric calcifications.

[Importance of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging at differentiation of cholesteatoma and granulation tissue in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media].

Objectives: This study aims to report the significance of echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging (EP-DWI) in preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of patients with surgically corrected cholesteatoma and granulation tissue according to DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.

Patients And Methods: Ninety-one patients (52 males, 39 females; mean age 40.7±15.

Assessment of cricopharyngeal muscle aging with apoptotic markers.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate histochemical markers of apoptosis in the cricopharyngeus muscle, which is the gatekeeper of the pharyngoesophageal region during the swallowing process; to investigate the effects of primary aging on this muscle; and to determine whether a relationship exists with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Materials And Methods: The study included 30 fresh cadavers with a time of death of 12 hours or less obtained from the Turkish Ministry of Justice Forensic Medicine Unit. All cadavers were dissected with routine postmortem skin incisions to extract specimens from the cricopharyngeus muscle and the esophagocardiac junction mucosa.

Nasal septal turbinate: cadaveric study.

Background: Despite the importance of its location, the functional behavior of the nasal septal turbinate (NST) is still not completely understood. Basic histological knowledge is still lacking. The aim of this study was to describe the histological features of the NST and to compare its morphometric features to those of the adjacent nasal septum and the inferior and middle turbinates.

The effects of corticosteroid on tissue lactoferrin in patients with nasal polyposis.

Background: Although, lactoferrin (LF) is the second most important antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory peptide after lysozyme in upper respiratory tract, little is known about its role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Recent studies pronounced that LF levels were significantly reduced in CRS with nasal polyposis (NP) compared with other subgroups. However, effects of systemic corticosteroid (CS) treatment, which is currently the main NP treatment modality, and subsequent surgical intervention on LF levels are still not known.

Nasal septal packing: which one?

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of four different types of nasal packs on pain, nasal fullness and postoperative bleeding following septoplasty. Prospective randomised double blind study was conducted. The study group included 119 patients who underwent endonasal septoplasty under general anaesthesia.

Determining the most suitable costal cartilage level for rhinoplasty: an experimental study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of septal cartilage (SC) and costal cartilage (CC) grafts harvested from different ribs and to find at which level CC has characteristics closest to SC.

Study Design: Experimental cadaver study.

Setting: Istanbul Training and Research Hospital.

Tensile characteristics of costal and septal cartilages used as graft materials.

Objectives: To determine the biomechanical characteristics of septal cartilage (SC) and costal cartilage (CC) taken from fresh cadavers using tensile testing and to establish CC graft material of a suitable thickness (ie, with tensile characteristics closest to those of SC).

Methods: Grafts of varying thickness were harvested from the central part of the seventh-rib CC and SC of 18 fresh cadavers. Tensile testing was performed with a 0.

Myofibroma of the zygomatic bone in an older child: a case report.

Myofibroma/myofibromatosis is a rare mesenchymal disorder that is part of a heterogeneous group of approximately 20 disorders that are classified primarily according to the proliferation of benign fibrous elements. These lesions can arise during a wide range of ages, with many occurring in the first decade of life, and they are slightly more common in males than females. The etiology of this disease is not well understood.

Massive lymphoid hyperplasia presenting with obstructive sleep apnea secondary to lingual and palatine tonsil hyperplasia.

Lingual tonsil hyperplasia is a rare condition that may cause obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In the management of OSA, the lingual tonsils should be evaluated during the otorhinolaryngologic examination. We report the case of a 66-year-old man with findings of upper airway obstruction secondary to excessive lingual and palatine tonsil hyperplasia and with MRI findings of bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy.

The predictive value of dominant nodules and the management of indeterminate group in multinodular goiter.

The objectives of this study were to determine the predictive value of dominant nodules (DNs) in multinodular goiters (MNGs), and to stratify the risk of malignancy within the indeterminate category. The study design was retrospective study of patients with MNG. A total of 140 patients were reviewed.

The effect of corticosteroid on metalloproteinase levels of nasal polyposis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of corticosteroid treatment on topical and systemic metalloproteinase levels of patients with nasal polyposis (NP).

Study Design: Prospective clinical trial.

Methods: The study included patients undergoing a paranasal sinus operation due to NP.

Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Objectives: to investigate the association of sleep apnea severity with insulin resistance, leptin, adipose-fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) and visfatin levels and to evaluate the confounding role of obesity.

Study Design: prospective study.

Methods: the study included obese patients who were referred to the sleep laboratory.

Concha bullosa and septal deviation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of concha bullosa (CB) in cases with septal deviation (SD), correlation between the angle of deviation and degree of pneumatization and compare these correlations with qualitative and quantitative methods. We retrospectively searched our radiology database for all paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) findings for 672 patients. All scans were grouped according to the presence and side of SD and/or CB.

The role of matrix metalloproteinases in recurrent tonsillitis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the status of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) due to dysregulated turnover of connective tissue matrices in children with recurrent tonsillitis (RT).

Methods: Forty-four patients with RT were enrolled in the study. All patients with RT were graded according to the hypertrophy degree of the tonsillar tissue from grade I to grade IV.

Efficiency of corticosteroid treatment in resolution of bilateral abducens paralysis after head trauma.

A rare case of posttraumatic bilateral abducens palsy is presented. A 17-year-old male patient referred to our clinic because of complaints of diplopia, difficulty in opening his mouth, pain in the face, dyspnea, and chest pain after head trauma from a motor vehicle accident. The patient was not able to abduct eyes bilaterally, and diplopia occurred in the lateral gaze.

A difficult case: sarcoidosis of the middle ear.

Sarcoidosis is a common multisystemic granulomatous disorder affecting several organs and tissues. However, the respiratory tract is the region commonly involved in more than 90% of patients, and the middle ear is a direct extension of it. In spite of this, direct middle ear and/or mastoid involvement of sarcoidosis is more rarely seen.

Head and neck hemangiopericytomas: diagnostic contradictions.

Purpose: To identify misdiagnostic points of hemangiopericytomas (HPs) of the head and neck.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed our clinical records from 2000 to 2007 retrospectively and identified 5 patients with HP of the head and neck. The records of each patient with head and neck HP were evaluated for age, sex, location of primary, clinical course, treatment, and tumor embolization (if performed).

Chondrosarcoma of the mandible extending to the infratemporal fossa: report of two cases.

Introduction: Chondrosarcomas of the mandible affecting the infratemporal fossa are very rare malignant tumors.

Discussion: In this article, two cases of chondrosarcoma invading the infratemporal fossa are presented, and clinical, histopathologic features, and therapeutic approaches are discussed, reviewing the literature.

Unilateral sudden hearing loss as the first sign of chronic myeloid leukemia.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is one of the etiologic causes of sudden hearing loss and vertigo. However, deafness in association with vestibular symptoms rarely occurs in CML as the first sign. In this article, a 50-year-old male with CML whose first signs and symptoms were unilateral sudden hearing loss and tinnitus in the right ear, vertigo and nausea was presented.