Prevalence of Life Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Women in Iceland.

Importance: Comprehensive data on the prevalence of various life stressors and their role in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among women are lacking.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of a broad range of life stressors and their association with PTSD in a large nationally representative cohort of women.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional analysis used data from the population-based Stress-And-Gene-Analysis, which invited women in Iceland to complete an online survey from March 1, 2018, to July 1, 2019.

[The efficacy of magnetic transcranial stimulation in treating treatment-resistant or prolonged depression in a clinical sample].

Introduction: Depression is a common, serious and often chronic disorder and one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. The annual prevalence of depression is 5-10%, twice as high among women as men and the lifetime prevalence is at least 20%. Up to a third of depressed individuals meet criteria for treatment-resistant depression, where two antidepressants have been tried for at least 6 weeks each at therapeutic doses.

[High prevalence of treatment with ADHD medicines indicates overdiagnosis of ADHD in Iceland].

Introduction: ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity. For many the core symptoms become less troubling in adulthood. Treatment with stimulants is considered the most efficacious treatment for ADHD.

[MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD].

MDMA is a potential novel treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our goal is to review current knowledge on MDMA and its use in MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD. Literature searches were done on PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar and references reviewed in identified articles.

Polygenic liability for antipsychotic dosage and polypharmacy - a real-world registry and biobank study.

Genomic prediction of antipsychotic dose and polypharmacy has been difficult, mainly due to limited access to large cohorts with genetic and drug prescription data. In this proof of principle study, we investigated if genetic liability for schizophrenia is associated with high dose requirements of antipsychotics and antipsychotic polypharmacy, using real-world registry and biobank data from five independent Nordic cohorts of a total of N = 21,572 individuals with psychotic disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other psychosis). Within regression models, a polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia was studied in relation to standardized antipsychotic dose as well as antipsychotic polypharmacy, defined based on longitudinal prescription registry data as well as health records and self-reported data.

[Psychedelics and treatment of mental disorders: A survey of attitudes and knowledge among psychiatrists, general practitioners and psychologists in Iceland].

Introduction: Interest in the use of psychedelics has increased following reports of their possible therapeutic potential. However, little is known about the knowledge of and attitudes towards the substances among health care professional who provide treatment for mental disorders in Iceland. An online survey was therefore conducted among members of the Icelandic associations of psychiatrists, general practitioners and psychologists.

Adverse childhood experiences and psychological functioning among women with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: population-based study.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well-known risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Aims: The aim was to study the associations between specific ACEs and psychological functioning in women with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Method: Among 29 367 women (mean age 44 years) from the Icelandic Stress-And-Gene-Analysis (SAGA) study, 534 (1.

Physical and cognitive impact following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large population-based case-control study.

Background: Persistent symptoms are common after SARS-CoV-2 infection but correlation with objective measures is unclear.

Methods: We invited all 3098 adults who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive in Iceland before October 2020 to the deCODE Health Study. We compared multiple symptoms and physical measures between 1706 Icelanders with confirmed prior infection (cases) who participated, and 619 contemporary and 13,779 historical controls.

[Methylphenidate-induced psychosis in a young adult with newly diagnosed ADHD: A case report].

In view of the ongoing rise of ADHD prescriptions among adults in Iceland, it is important that doctors are aware that psychosis is a rare but at times a serious adverse reaction to such treatment. In 2022 5% of adults were prescribed medication to treat ADHD in Iceland. In this case report we present a case of methylphenidate-induced psychosis in a young man with no previous history of psychotic episodes who required admission to the psychiatric intensive care unit.

[The use of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression].

The hallucinogen psilocybin is a potential novel treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Our goal is to review current knowledge on psilocybin and its efficacy in TRD. Literature searches were done on PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar, references reviewed in identified articles and other articles found on the website of COMPASS Pathways.

HLA-DQB1 6672G>C (rs113332494) is associated with clozapine-induced neutropenia and agranulocytosis in individuals of European ancestry.

The atypical antipsychotic clozapine is the only effective medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, it can also induce serious adverse drug reactions, including agranulocytosis and neutropenia. The mechanism by which it does so is largely unknown, but there is evidence for contributing genetic factors.

Case Report: Successful Implementation of Integrative Cognitive Remediation for Early Psychosis.

Many individuals demonstrate functionally relevant impairment in neurocognition as well as social cognition early on in the course of their psychotic disorder. There is robust evidence supporting cognitive remediation as an effective treatment of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Increasingly it is accepted that earlier treatment is associated with better outcome and that it is important to systematically assess and treat cognitive dysfunction before the cognitive and functional disabilities are fully realized.

Evaluation of mechanism of change in transdiagnostic cognitive behaviour therapy using single case experimental design.

Background And Objectives: Transdiagnostic mechanisms of change (txMOC) specific to cognitive behaviour therapy are poorly understood. Salkovskis (1996) proposed one such mechanism in terms of the shift towards an alternative, less negative view of their problems or cognitive flexibility. This hypothesis has been described as involving a shift in beliefs, from "theory A″ to "theory B".

Integrative cognitive remediation for early psychosis: A 12-month follow-up.

In recent years, a growing number of studies have attempted to treat social-cognitive impairment within neurocognitive remediation as means of improving outcome in psychotic disorders with promising results. However, the durability of the effects is still under debate and little is known about the long-term efficacy of integrated neuro- and social-cognitive remediation in early psychosis. The purpose of this study was to examine long-term effects of a 12-week integrative cognitive remediation (ICR) for early psychosis.

Use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors is not associated with increased bleeding after CABG.

Objectives: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants worldwide. Studies suggest that SSRI/SNRIs can increase bleeding following different surgical procedures, including open heart surgery, but results are conflicting. The objective of this study was to analyse their effects on bleeding after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

[Effectiveness of medical treatment in the adult ADHD unit of Landspitali 2015-2017].

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder among children but symptoms may persist into adulthood. At Landspitali - the National University Hospital an interdisciplinary unit is responsible for ADHD-diagnosis and for commencing treatment of adult ADHD. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmaceu-tical treatment provided by the unit and the effects of psychiatric comorbidities.

[High altitude illness and related diseases - a review].

Upon reaching a height over 2500 m above seal level symptoms of altitude illness can develop over 1 - 5 days. The risk is mainly -determined by the altitude and rate of ascent and the symptoms vary. Most common are symptoms of acute mountain illness (AMS) but more dangerous high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) can also develop.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder shares copy number variant risk with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder. Some rare copy number variations (CNVs) affect multiple neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia and ADHD. The aim of this study is to determine to what extent ADHD shares high risk CNV alleles with schizophrenia and ASD.

A polygenic resilience score moderates the genetic risk for schizophrenia.

Based on the discovery by the Resilience Project (Chen R. et al. Nat Biotechnol 34:531-538, 2016) of rare variants that confer resistance to Mendelian disease, and protective alleles for some complex diseases, we posited the existence of genetic variants that promote resilience to highly heritable polygenic disorders1,0 such as schizophrenia.