Techniques of power system static security assessment and improvement: A literature survey.

The secure operation of a power system depends on the available security evaluation tools and improvement techniques to tackle the disturbances or contingencies. The main objective of the survey presented in this paper is to provide a comprehensive review to the researchers, academicians, and utility engineers on the available techniques of static security assessment and improvement in modern power systems. Various performance indices are used to express the severity of limit violations from security margins typically in transmission line loading and buses voltage magnitude under a given disturbance or contingency.

Geographical information system based optimal path routing of distribution networks.

An electric distribution network is a part of a power system that distributes electricity to users with little power loss along its path. Distribution systems suffer from frequent interruptions, high power losses, and low voltage profile which negatively impacts both the utility and the consumers. The major cause of these challenges are unplanned network expansion, improper routing of feeders and branches, untagged transformers, poles, and capacitors, and lack of standard procedures for expansion.