Correction: Gross anatomy, histology and blood vessel topography of the alimentary canal of the Inland Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Blood Vessel Topography of the Feet in Selected Species of Birds of Prey and Owls.

Birds of prey and owls are susceptible to diseases of and traumatic injuries to their feet, which regularly require surgical intervention. A precise knowledge of the blood vessel topography is essential for a targeted therapy. Therefore, the metatarsal and digital vasculature was examined in eight species of birds of prey and owls.

Alongside: Exploring the Meaningfulness of Significant Moments in Others' Lives Through Observation and Interview.

How do we explore the meaningfulness of others' experiences? What means do we have to access their experiencing of the world? How do we express our understandings of others' experiences of body and place without reducing them to objectification? In this methodological paper, we reflect on how we can gain valuable insights into the lived experiences of others through research activities that are conducted 'alongside' participants. Phenomenological concepts of intentionality and embodiment are considered as we draw on an empirical example of exploring the experiences of hospitalized patients with neurological diseases through observations and interviews. The aim is to unfold alongside as an epistemological stance to explore the meaning of another's lifeworld.

Dual Collegiate Roles-The Lived Experience of Nursing Student Athletes.

Background: Teamwork and communication, characteristics learned through playing college sports, can precipitate a sense of wonder in the lived experiences of nursing students who played a college sport.

Method: A phenomenological study was conducted to understand the meaning of the collegiate roles of the nursing student and the student athlete. These roles carry different sets of responsibilities, social contacts, and physical and emotional demands.

Aesthetics sets patients 'free' to recover during hospitalization with a neurological disease. A qualitative study.

Background: Patients with neurological symptoms are particularly sensitive to the quality of the sensory impressions to which they are exposed to during hospitalization.

Aim: To understand the meaning of aesthetic experiences to patients afflicted with neurological diseases during hospitalization on a neurological unit.

Method: Fifteen patients were invited to "walk and talk" supplemented by semi-structured interviews conducted in newly established aesthetic tableaus within the neurology unit.

Comparative morphometric study of the mimic facial muscles of brachycephalic and dolichocephalic dogs.

Excessive breeding of dogs has led to a disadvantageous morphology in some breeds, for example extreme brachycephaly, which is responsible for many health issues. We hypothesize that alterations of the mimic muscular system are present in brachycephalic dogs and could contribute to behavioural problems due to a restricted mimic display. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to compare the mimic muscular systems of brachycephalic with dolichocephalic dogs.

Becoming a nomad when hospitalized with a neurological disease: a phenomenological study.

Patients with a neurological disease are affected by their ability to maintain focus and are easily disturbed by outside stimuli. Few studies have investigated how sensory impressions from the physical environment contribute to patient's wellbeing during hospitalization. However, no studies have explored the meaning of the environment to patients with a neurological disease during hospitalization.

Gross anatomy, histology and blood vessel topography of the alimentary canal of the Inland Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps).

Imaging techniques have proved to be crucial for diagnosis in reptile species. The topography of the internal organs of bearded dragons has been described in recent studies as meeting the small animal practitioners´ demand for knowledge concerning their anatomy. However, the nomenclature in the respective literature is not uniform, which could lead to misunderstandings concerning the respective and/or affected parts of the alimentary canal.

Specific anatomy and radiographic illustration of the digestive tract and transit time of two orally administered contrast media in Inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps).

The aim of this study was to describe the specific gross and radiographic anatomy of the digestive tract of inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). Eleven bearded dragon cadavers of both sexes (6 females, 5 males) were dissected to examine, measure, and document the specific gross anatomy of the alimentary canal. Measurements collected from the cadavers included snout-vent length, total length of the alimentary canal, and the lengths of the individual sections of the gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, ampulla coli, isthmus coli, rectum, and the distance from the coprodeum to the vent opening.

Evaluation of intravenous regional anaesthesia and four-point nerve block efficacy in the distal hind limb of dairy cows.

Background: Intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA) and hindfoot four-point nerve block anaesthesia (NBA) are recommended for local anaesthesia (LA) in the distal limb of dairy cows. Two studies were conducted to compare the efficacy, time until onset and stress responses to IVRA and NBA in dairy cows. In the first cross-over designed study, eight healthy unsedated German Holstein cows, restrained in lateral recumbency (LR) on a surgical tipping table, were treated with IVRA and NBA using procaine 2% as a local anaesthetic.

Radiographic Morphometry of the Lumbar Spine in Munich Miniature Pigs.

The incidence of human spinal column disease remains high, and animal models still play important roles in prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic research. Because of their similar size to humans, pigs remain an important spine model. For pigs to serve as a model for the human spine, basic similarities and differences must be understood.

[Osteolysis of the hip joint in an eastern river cooter (Pseudemys concinna concinna)].

Lameness in freshwater turtles is rarely seen and is mostly caused by bite injuries, other traumata or inflammatory processes. A 17 year old female eastern river cooter which was pretreated for disseminated shell necrosis a few months ago was presented due to acute lameness of the right hind limb. Diagnostic imaging revealed complete lysis of the hip joint and was classified as necrotizing osteomyelitis by histopathology.

[Congenital cardiac anomalies (pentalogy of Fallot) in a two year old ram with brachygnathia inferior].

In a nearly two-year-old ram, descending from a breeding trial to investigate the effects of shortness of the lower jaw (brachygnathia inferior), a congenital cardiac anomaly was observed. At the age often months the affected animal, a cross breed of Cameroon Sheep and East Friesian Milk Sheep, showed exercise-induced respiratory distress for the first time. Auscultation revealed a loud systolic heart murmur (grade 5) on both sides of the thorax, most prominent over the left third intercostal space at shoulder height.

Cartilage thickness of the trochlea of the talus, with emphasis on sites predisposed to osteochondrosis dissecans, in clinically normal juvenile and adult dogs.

Objective: To evaluate cartilage thickness of the talus (especially at sites predisposed to osteochondrosis dissecans [OCD]) in growing and adult dogs not affected with OCD.

Sample: Tarsocrural joints from cadavers of 34 juvenile (approx 3 months old) and 10 adult dogs.

Procedures: Tarsal cartilage thickness was examined via a stereophotography microscopic system.

Anatomy of the collateral ligaments of the feline elbow joint: functional implications.

Cats show a higher capability to supinate their forearms than dogs. This suggests a special arrangement of the collateral ligaments of the feline elbow joint. Therefore, the course of the ligaments was examined in 13 adult cats.

Minimal inhibitory concentration of isoniazid in isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from children.

The aim of the study presented here was to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of isoniazid for strains of isoniazid-resistant or multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from children in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. During the period March 2003-October 2005, 45 INH-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates (21 also rifampicin-resistant) were cultured from children less than 13 years of age.

Differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by PCR amplification of genomic regions of difference.

Differentiation of members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by conventional mycobacteriological methods is time consuming, making surveillance of species-specific disease difficult. A two-step, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on genomic regions of difference (RD1, RD1(mic), RD2(seal), RD4, RD9 and RD12) was developed for the differentiation of M. canettii, M.

Ethambutol resistance testing by mutation detection.

Objective: To identify chromosomal mutations that confer resistance to ethambutol (EMB) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Design: Drug-resistant (n = 235) and drug-susceptible (n = 117) M. tuberculosis isolates collected from the Western Cape in South Africa were subjected to embB gene analysis and the results were compared to phenotypic EMB testing.

Safe Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA extraction method that does not compromise integrity.

Concern has been raised about the efficacy of the heat killing of mycobacteria during the isolation of DNA. We demonstrate a method that allows for the efficient killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis without compromising DNA integrity for subsequent molecular investigation. This method reduces the risk of infection to the research scientist.

Reduction of the rate of false-positive cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a laboratory with a high culture positivity rate.

Our laboratory, engaged in a prospective study of adult pulmonary tuberculosis, processed on average 1186 sputum samples per year for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Approximately 55% of all sputum samples were culture-positive.

Multiple Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in early cultures from patients in a high-incidence community setting.

In an ongoing molecular epidemiology study, human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients with first-time pulmonary tuberculosis from a high-incidence community were enrolled. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with two fingerprinting probes. Of 131 patients, 3 (2.

The course of blood vessels in the hip joint capsule of the dog.

The course and the arrangement of capsular blood vessels in the joint capsule's wall, together with their extracapsular origins, were investigated using cleared specimens that had been injected with Latex, or Technovit, or India-ink in serum. Arteries enter areas of the joint capsule's wall near its femoral as well as coxal attachment. The intramural vascular network is arranged in layers which are assigned to the stratum fibrosum and stratum synoviale, with one or two intermediate, less distinct layers in between.

Methodology of comparing three milking clusters in a large dairy herd.

Data for milking parameters were obtained from three different milking clusters using a modified Latin square design to take into account the real milking time regimen of the farm and the time requirements to sort cows. In this modification, cows entered the milking parlor in a random sequence rather than by group. In addition, the clusters were assigned to milking sites.