The role of delta phase for temporal predictions investigated with bilateral parietal tACS.

Background: Previous research has shown that temporal prediction processes are associated with phase resets of low-frequency delta oscillations in a network of parietal, sensory and frontal areas during non-rhythmic sensory stimulation. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) modulates perceptually relevant brain oscillations in a frequency and phase-specific manner, allowing the assessment of their functional qualities in certain cognitive functions like temporal prediction.

Objective: We addressed the relation between oscillatory activity and temporal prediction by using tACS to manipulate brain activity in a sinusoidal manner.

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of -Carboranylamidine Derivatives.

In this contribution, the first amidinate and amidine derivatives of -carborane are described. Double lithiation of -carborane () with -butyllithium followed by treatment with 1,3-diorganocarbodiimides, R-N=C=N-R (R = Pr, Cy (= cyclohexyl)), in DME or THF afforded the new -carboranylamidinate salts -CHB[C(NPr)Li(DME)] () and -CHB[C(NCy)Li(THF)] (). Subsequent treatment of and with 2 equiv.

Synthesis and Structure of Alkaline Earth Bis{hydrido-tris(3,5-diisopropyl-pyrazol-1-yl)borate} Complexes: Ae(Tp) (Ae = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba).

The synthesis and structural characterization of Ae(Tp) (Ae = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; Tp = hydrido-tris(3,5-diisopropyl-pyrazol-1-yl)borate) are reported. In the crystalline state, the alkaline earth metal centers are six-coordinate, even the small Mg ion, with two κ-,',''-Tp ligands, disposed in a bent arrangement (B···Ae···B < 180°). However, contrary to the analogous Ln(Tp) (Ln = Sm, Eu, Tm, Yb) compounds, which all exhibit a bent-metallocene structure close to symmetry, the Ae(Tp) compounds exhibit a greater structural variation.

Genetic determinants of fitness during biofilm growth.

is an environmental bacterium and an opportunistic human pathogen. It is also a well-established model organism to study bacterial adaptation to stressful conditions, such as those encountered during an infection process in the human host. Advancing knowledge on adaptation to biofilm growth conditions is bound to reveal novel strategies and targets for the treatment of chronic biofilm-associated infections.

Organism-specific depletion of highly abundant RNA species from bacterial total RNA.

High-throughput sequencing has become a standard tool for transcriptome analysis. The depletion of overrepresented RNA species from sequencing libraries plays a key role in establishing potent and cost-efficient RNA-seq routines. Commercially available kits are known to obtain good results for the reduction of ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Rubidium and Cesium Enediamide Complexes Derived from Bulky 1,4-Diazadienes.

The first rubidium and cesium enediamide complexes based on bulky 1,4-diaza-1,3-diene ligands (DADs) have been prepared by metalation of either 1,4-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene (, = DAD) or 1,4-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene (, = DAD) with an excess of Rb or Cs metals in coordinating solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) or 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME). All new complexes were fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.

Custom-Size, Functional, and Durable DNA Origami with Design-Specific Scaffolds.

DNA origami nano-objects are usually designed around generic single-stranded "scaffolds". Many properties of the target object are determined by details of those generic scaffold sequences. Here, we enable designers to fully specify the target structure not only in terms of desired 3D shape but also in terms of the sequences used.

Synthesis and structural characterization of four di-chlorido-bis-(cyclo-propyl-alkynyl-amidine)-metal complexes.

Deliberate hydrolysis of lithium cyclo-propyl-alkynylamidinates, Li[-CH-C≡C(N')] [' = Pr, Cy = cyclo-hex-yl)], afforded the hitherto unknown neutral cyclo-propyl-alkynyl-amidine derivatives -CH-C≡C-C(N')(NH') [' = Pr (), Cy ()]. Subsequent reactions of or with metal(II) chlorides, Cl ( = Mn, Fe, Co), provided the title complexes di-chlorido-bis-(3-cyclo-propyl-,'-diisopropyl-prop-2-ynamidine)-manganese(II), [MnCl(CHN)], (), di-chlorido-bis-(3-cyclo-propyl-,'-diisopropyl-prop-2-ynamidine)-iron(II), [FeCl(CHN)], (), di-chlorido-bis-(,'-di-cyclo-hexyl-3-cyclo-propyl-prop-2-ynamidine)-iron(II), [FeCl(CHN)], (), and di-chlorido-bis-(,'-di-cyclo-hexyl-3-cyclo-propyl-prop-2-ynamidine)-cobalt(II), [CoCl(CHN)], (), or more generally Cl[-CH-C≡C-C(N')(NH')] [' = Pr, = Mn (), Fe (); ' = Cy, = Fe (), Co ()] in moderate yields (30-39%). Besides their spectroscopic data (IR and MS) and elemental analyses, all complexes - were structurally characterized.

The "Wanderlust" of MeSi groups in rare-earth triple-decker complexes: a combined experimental and computational study.

The migration of Me3Si groups ("Wanderlust") in rare-earth triple-decker sandwich complexes of the type Ln2(COT'')3 (COT'' = bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclooctatetraenyl) has been elucidated by a combined experimental and computational study. For the first time, two isomers of a Ln2(COT'')3 triple-decker have been isolated and characterized in the case of Y2(COT'')3.

Benchmarking lithium amide amine bonding by charge density and energy decomposition analysis arguments.

Lithium amides are versatile C-H metallation reagents with vast industrial demand because of their high basicity combined with their weak nucleophilicity, and they are applied in kilotons worldwide annually. The nuclearity of lithium amides, however, modifies and steers reactivity, region- and stereo-selectivity and product diversification in organic syntheses. In this regard, it is vital to understand Li-N bonding as it causes the aggregation of lithium amides to form cubes or ladders from the polar Li-N covalent metal amide bond along the ring stacking and laddering principle.

Three new types of transition metal carboranylamidinate complexes.

Three new types of transition metal carboranylamidinate complexes are reported. The tetranuclear Mn(ii) complex Mn4Cl6[(o-C2B10H10)C(NiPr)(NHiPr)]2(THF)4·THF (2) was prepared by treatment of anhydrous MnCl2 with Li[(o-C2B10H10)C(NiPr)(NHiPr)] ([double bond, length as m-dash]Li[HLiPr]) in THF, while the analogous reaction with FeCl2 afforded ionic [Li(DME)3][FeCl2{(o-C2B10H10)C(NiPr)(NHiPr)}] (3). The dinuclear Mo(ii) complex Mo2[(o-C2B10H10)C(NiPr)(NHiPr)]2(OAc)2·2THF (4), obtained from Mo2(OAc)4 and 2 equiv.

Integrin α5 triggers the metastatic potential in renal cell carcinoma.

The therapy of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is still a major challenge. To intervene therapeutically a deeper comprehension of the particular steps of metastasis is necessary. In this context membrane bound receptors like integrins play a decisive role.

High-yield synthesis of a unique Mn(iii) siloxide complex through KMnO oxidation of a Mn(ii) precursor.

A unique trivalent manganese siloxide complex, blue-violet MnLiCl[(PhSiO)O](THF)·2THF (3) has been prepared by a straightforward two-step synthetic protocol. Lithiation of (PhSiOH)O (1) followed by reaction with MnCl(THF) gave the structurally remarkable Mn(ii) precursor MnLiCl[(PhSiO)O](THF)·2THF (2). Surprisingly, the final oxidation step could be achieved using KMnO in THF to provide the Mn(iii) species 3 in high yield (91%).

How We Make DNA Origami.

DNA origami has attracted substantial attention since its invention ten years ago, due to the seemingly infinite possibilities that it affords for creating customized nanoscale objects. Although the basic concept of DNA origami is easy to understand, using custom DNA origami in practical applications requires detailed know-how for designing and producing the particles with sufficient quality and for preparing them at appropriate concentrations with the necessary degree of purity in custom environments. Such know-how is not readily available for newcomers to the field, thus slowing down the rate at which new applications outside the field of DNA nanotechnology may emerge.

Comparison of flowable bulk-fill and flowable resin-based composites: an in vitro analysis.

Objectives: Flowable bulk-fill resin bonded composites (RBCs) are supposed to show improved abrasion resistance and fracture toughness in comparison to flowable conventional RBCs.

Materials And Methods: Specimens of eight flowable RBCs (5× flowable conventional, 3× flowable bulk-fill) were fabricated for testing relative fracture toughness (SENB), relative three-body wear, the Vickers hardness, glass transition Tg (differential scanning calorimetry; DSC) and filler mass fraction (thermal gravimetric analysis; TGA). A laboratory veneering composite was used as a reference.

In vitro performance and fracture resistance of CAD/CAM-fabricated implant supported molar crowns.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the performance and fracture resistance of different CAD/CAM ceramic and composite materials as implant- or tooth-supported single crowns with respect to the clinical procedure (screwed/bonded restoration).

Materials And Methods: One hundred twenty crowns were fabricated on implants or human molar teeth simulating (a) chairside procedure ([CHAIR] implant crown bonded to abutment), (b) labside procedure ([LAB] abutment and implant crown bonded in laboratory, screwed chairside), and (c) reference ([TOOTH] crowns luted on human teeth). Four materials were investigated: ZLS (zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic; Celtra Duo, Degudent: polished (P)/crystallized (C)), RB (resin-based composite; Cerasmart, GC), and RIC (resin-infiltrated ceramic; Enamic, Vita-Zahnfabrik).

Prosthetic Complications and Maintenance Requirements in Locator-attached Implant-Supported Overdentures: A Retrospective Study.

Retrospective data of 32 patients supplied with implant-supported and Locator-attached overdentures were screened for prosthetic complications and maintenance requirements, which were recorded and statistically analyzed. Mean observation time was 4.78 ± 1.

Facile access to silyl-functionalized N-heterocyclic olefins with HSiCl3.

N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs), IPrCH2 (1) and SIPrCH2 (2) (IPrCH2 = {N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)CH}2CCH2 and SIPrCH2 = {N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)CH2}2CCH2), react with HSiCl3 and afford IPrCH(SiHCl2) (3) and SIPrCH(SiHCl2) (4), respectively. Compounds 3 and 4 have been isolated in almost quantitative yield. Interestingly, treatment of the silylene IPr·SiCl2 with 1 also affords 3, where silylene insertion into a C–H bond is observed.

Custom uncemented revision stems based on a femoral classification.

From the outcome of 175 cases, a group of 4 types of custom-designed HA-coated hip stems, based upon an incremental scale of bone condition, was demonstrated to be sufficient for use with the variety of cavitary defects encountered in revision hip surgery. Harris Hip Score evaluation showed a significant improvement in hip pain and function. Radiographic measurements of axial migration over a 4-year period were less than 2 mm.

Synthesis of a NO-releasing prodrug of rofecoxib.

[reaction: see text] A newly developed synthesis of a NO-releasing prodrug of rofecoxib is described. The highly productive process consists of five chemical steps and produces prodrug 1 in an overall 64% yield from commercially available 3-phenyl-2-propyn-1-ol (4). The synthesis is highlighted by the carbometalation reaction of propargyl alcohol 4 to generate the tetrasubstituted olefin core, sulfone acid 2.

[PSA recurrence after primary curative therapy--local or systemic? When is a second curative therapy still possible?].

PSA recurrence after primary curative therapy for localized prostate cancer is a common problem. Further curative treatment is only reasonable in the case of local recurrence. Therefore, minimizing the likelihood of metastatic disease is crucial.

Cyclopropane structural units from homoaldol adducts.

[reaction: see text] An efficient two-step homologation of aldehydes to cyclopropylaldehydes has been developed. Activation of homoaldol adducts derived from O-enecarbamates and N-enecarbamates provided high yields of cyclopropylaldehydes with good to excellent levels of trans/cis selectivity. Trapping of the intermediate oxonium ion and iminium ion intermediates has also been demonstrated, leading to direct isolation of cyclopropyl carbinol and cyclopropylamine products.

The roles of activins in repair processes of the skin and the brain.

A recent study from our laboratory demonstrated a strong upregulation of activin expression during cutaneous wound healing. To further analyze the role of activin A in skin morphogenesis and wound repair, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress activin A under the control of the keratin 14 promoter. The latter targets expression of transgenes to the basal, proliferating layer of the epidermis.

Kinetically controlled cross-metathesis reactions with high E-olefin selectivities.

[reaction: see text] Homoallylic alcohols with anti-allylic substituents display enhanced E-olefin selectivity in cross-metathesis (CM) reactions with allyltrimethylsilane. The high selectivity can be explained via a five-membered chelate intermediate in which the hydroxyl group of the homoallylic alcohol coordinates to the ruthenium metal center of Grubbs' catalyst.