Unlabelled: Mucosal antibodies harboring various antiviral activities may best protect mucosal surfaces against early HIV-1 entry at mucosal sites and they should be ideally induced by prophylactic HIV-1 vaccines for optimal prevention of sexually transmitted HIV-1. A phase I, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in twenty-four healthy HIV-uninfected young women. The study objectives were to assess the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of virosomes harboring surface HIV-1 gp41-derived P1 lipidated peptides (MYM-V101).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Pathogen contamination, causing transfusion-transmitted diseases, is an ongoing concern in transfusion of cellular blood products. In this explorative study, the pathogen-inactivating capacity of UVC irradiation in platelet (PLT) concentrates was investigated. The dose dependencies of inactivation of several viruses and bacteria were compared with the effect on PLT quality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe studied the efficacy of virus reduction by three process steps (polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG) precipitation, pasteurization, and 15nm virus filtration) in the manufacturing of C1-inhibitor NF. The potential prion removing capacity in this process was estimated based on data from the literature. Virus studies were performed using hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as relevant viruses and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), canine parvovirus (CPV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) as model viruses, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objectives: Photodynamic treatment (PDT) with the cationic porphyrin, mono-phenyl-tri-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-porphyrin chloride [Tri-P(4)], has previously been shown to be effective at inactivating vesicle stomatitis virus (VSV) in red cell concentrates (RCC) with limited damage to red blood cells (RBC). The aim of this study was to determine the pathogen-inactivating capacity of PDT with Tri-P(4) for a broader range of pathogens and to establish the associated effect on in vitro RBC quality.
Materials And Methods: A series of viruses and bacteria was spiked into 60% RCC.
Background And Objectives: Producers of plasma derivatives continuously improve the viral safety of their products by, for example, introducing additional virus-reducing steps into the manufacturing process. Here we present virus-elimination studies undertaken for a number of steps employed in a new manufacturing process for liquid intravenous immunoglobulin (Nanogam) that comprises two specific virus-reducing steps: a 15-nm filtration step combined with pepsin treatment at pH 4.4 (pH 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssays for the agent of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) include measurement of infectivity in different animal systems, such as wild-type or transgenic mice, and detection of PrP(Sc) by different methods and formats. The various assays could be best calibrated against each other by use of uniform readily available materials, and samples of four human brains, two from sporadic CJD patients, one from a variant CJD patient and one from a non-CJD patient, have been prepared as 10% homogenates dispensed in 2000 vials each for this purpose. Results of in vitro methods, particularly immunoblot assays, were compared in the first collaborative study described here.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objectives: Photodynamic treatment (PDT) of red blood cell (RBC) suspensions has been reported to result in virus inactivation, but also in deterioration of cell quality. Recently, we have demonstrated the potential usefulness of the reactive oxygen species scavenger dipyridamole in selectively protecting RBCs against the harmful side-effects of PDT. Unfortunately, dipyridamole-conferred protection against long-term photohaemolysis was incomplete.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Recently, the potential usefulness of dipyridamole (DIP) in protecting RBCs against the harmful side effects of photodynamic sterilization was demonstrated. In the present study, the use of DIP for selective protection of RBCs was investigated under conditions more relevant for blood bank practice.
Study Design And Methods: WBC-reduced RBC suspensions (30% Hct) were treated with 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue and red light, and the influence of the inclusion of DIP on photohemolysis was assessed as a function of sensitizer concentration, light dose, and storage time.
The virucidal spectrum of a high concentration alcohol mixture (80% ethanol and 5% isopropanol) was determined for a broad series of lipid-enveloped (LE) and non-lipid-enveloped (NLE) viruses covering all relevant blood-borne viruses. LE viruses were represented by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), a specific model virus for hepatitis C virus (HCV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), and vaccinia virus. For the NLE viruses hepatitis A virus, canine parvovirus (a model for human parvovirus B19), and reovirus type 3 (Reo-3) were used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman saliva is known to possess components that decrease the HIV-1 infectivity in vitro. The mechanism of how these components inhibit the infectivity is still not clear on the molecular level. The purpose of this study was to discriminate between serous and mucous components with respect to inhibitory capacity and site of action.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo assess the virus reducing capacity of Cohn's cold ethanol fractionation process for the production of intravenous (IVIg) and intramuscular (IMIg) immunoglobulin products, and treatment of these products at pH 4, a validation study of virus removal and/or inactivation was performed using both lipid-enveloped viruses [human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and pseudorabies virus (PSR)], and non-lipid-enveloped viruses [(simian virus 40 (SV40) and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC)]. For the cold ethanol fractionation process, overall reduction factors of 3.0 logs, > or = 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA PCR assay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV1) DNA in selectively digested whole bovine semen was developed and evaluated. A brief treatment with proteinase-K was used to lyse free virus, virus present in non-sperm cells and virus adhering to the spermatozoa. Genomic bovine DNA was not released by this treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA deletion was introduced into the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of the BHV1 strain Lam and, or, the complete coding region of the glycoprotein E (gE) gene was deleted to reduce virulence and to make serological differentiation possible. The virulence and immunogenicity of these three BHV1 mutants (TK-, gE- and TK-/gE) were studied in specific-pathogen-free calves. Although inactivation of TK strongly reduced the virulence of the Lam strain, deletion of the gE gene alone sufficed to yield complete attenuation of the Lam strain for seven-week-old calves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo gain insight into the role of glycoprotein E of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), we compared the distribution of wild-type (wt) BHV-1 with that of a gE deletion mutant (gE-) in calves after intranasal inoculation. The wt-infected calves had severe clinical signs, but the gE(-)-infected calves were virtually free of clinical signs. At 3, 4, 7, 8, 44, 45, 50 and 51 days post-infection (p.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo compare the sensitivities of PCR and virus isolation and to examine the course of virus excretion in semen, we intrapreputially inoculated eight bulls with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) and used two bulls as sentinels. From these bulls, we collected a large panel of semen samples during 65 days postinfection (dpi). At 44 dpi the bulls received dexamethasone to reactivate putatively latent virus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA marker vaccine elicits an antibody response in the host that can be distinguished from the antibody response induced by a wild-type strain. To obtain a bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) marker vaccine, we constructed a glycoprotein E (gE) deletion mutant. This was obtained by removing the complete gE coding region from the BHV-1 genome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) in bovine semen. Since bovine semen contains components that inhibit PCR amplification, a protocol was developed to purify BHV-1 DNA from bovine semen. To identify failures of PCR amplification, we used an internal control template that was coamplified by the same PCR primers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAspergillus niger tryptophan auxotrophic mutants have been isolated after UV irradiation of conidiospores. The mutants belong to two different complementation groups, trpA and trpB, which complement each other in heterokaryons. Neither of the mutations could be complemented with the cloned A.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF© LitMetric 2025. All rights reserved.