Orchiectomy or testosterone receptor blockade reduces intestinal mucosal damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion insult.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether orchiectomy or administration of flutamide an antagonist of the testosterone receptor can reduce oxidative stress and histologic damage in the rat small bowel subjected to mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 was control (sham), group 2 was I/R, group 3 was I/R plus orchiectomy (orchiectomy was performed 14 days before I/R), group 4 was I/R plus flutamide (flutamide was given throughout 14 days before mesenteric IR).

Antibacterial activity of propolis against MRSA and synergism with topical mupirocin.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the activity of the propolis and its combinations with mupirocin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nasal carriage.

Methods: This study was carried out between June and August 2005. To infect nares of the rabbits, MRSA (ATCC 33591) strain was used.