Statistical analysis of parameters affecting Legionella and total cell growth in premise plumbing systems within buildings: A field study based on an empirical data set.

During the storage and distribution of water in buildings, the excessive growth of pathogens can deteriorate the quality of drinking water. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing this growth and propose technical measures for prevention. The analysis is based on an empirical data set comprising 1361 samples from 204 domestic premise plumbing systems.

Controlling Phase in Colloidal Synthesis.

A fundamental precept of chemistry is that properties are manifestations of the elements present and their arrangement in space. Controlling the arrangement of atoms in nanocrystals is not well understood in nanocrystal synthesis, especially in the transition metal chalcogenides and pnictides, which have rich phase spaces. This Perspective will cover some of the recent advances and current challenges.

Structural basis for the bi-specificity of USP25 and USP28 inhibitors.

The development of cancer therapeutics is often hindered by the fact that specific oncogenes cannot be directly pharmaceutically addressed. Targeting deubiquitylases that stabilize these oncogenes provides a promising alternative. USP28 and USP25 have been identified as such target deubiquitylases, and several small-molecule inhibitors indiscriminately inhibiting both enzymes have been developed.

MD-Based Assessment of Covalent Inhibitors in Noncovalent Association Complexes: Learning from Cathepsin K as a Test Case.

A sufficiently stable noncovalent association complex between a covalent inhibitor and its protein target is regarded as a prerequisite for the formation of a covalent complex. As this transient form can hardly be assessed experimentally, computational modeling is required to probe the suitability of a given ligand at this particular stage. To investigate which criteria should be fulfilled by suitable candidates in a molecular dynamics (MD) assessment, a systematic study was conducted with 20 complexes of cathepsin K, a papain-like cysteine protease of pharmaceutical relevance.

Dependence of Transition-Metal Telluride Phases on Metal Precursor Reactivity and Mechanistic Implications.

Modern bottom-up synthesis to nanocrystalline solid-state materials often lacks the reasoned product control that molecular chemistry boasts from having over a century of research and development. In this study, six transition metals including iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, palladium, and platinum were reacted with the mild reagent didodecyl ditelluride in their acetylacetonate, chloride, bromide, iodide, and triflate salts. This systematic analysis demonstrates how rationally matching the reactivity of metal salts to the telluride precursor is necessary for the successful production of metal tellurides.

Molecular Decomposition Routes of Diaryl Diselenide Precursors in Relation to the Phase Determination of Copper Selenides.

H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Se NMR, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to monitor the thermal decomposition of diphenyl and dibenzyl diselenide precursors toward the synthesis of copper selenides. Copper was found to promote the decomposition of both precursors. The inorganic nanocrystals and organic byproducts were sensitive to the specific diaryl diselenides and the presence of oleylamine and copper.

The Impact of Kindness in Medical Student Education in Rural South Dakota.

All medical students at the University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine (SSOM) have rural healthcare rotations. Because SSOM has adopted kindness as a focal point in its new five year strategic plan, we designed a qualitative study to assess students' perception of kindness in the rural setting.

Associative detachment in anion-atom reactions involving a dipole-bound electron.

Associative electronic detachment (AED) between anions and neutral atoms leads to the detachment of the anion's electron resulting in the formation of a neutral molecule. It plays a key role in chemical reaction networks, like the interstellar medium, the Earth's ionosphere and biochemical processes. Here, a class of AED involving a closed-shell anion (OH) and alkali atoms (rubidium) is investigated by precisely controlling the fraction of electronically excited rubidium.

Photoswitchable Pseudoirreversible Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors Allow Optical Control of Inhibition and Enable Restoration of Cognition in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model upon Irradiation.

To develop tools to investigate the biological functions of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and the mechanisms by which BChE affects Alzheimer's disease (AD), we synthesized several selective, nanomolar active, pseudoirreversible photoswitchable BChE inhibitors. The compounds were able to specifically influence different kinetic parameters of the inhibition process by light. For one compound, a 10-fold difference in the IC-values (44.

Warhead Reactivity Limits the Speed of Inhibition of the Cysteine Protease Rhodesain.

Viral and parasitic pathogens rely critically on cysteine proteases for host invasion, replication, and infectivity. Their inhibition by synthetic inhibitors, such as vinyl sulfone compounds, has emerged as a promising treatment strategy. However, the individual reaction steps of protease inhibition are not fully understood.

A sub-4 Kelvin radio frequency linear multipole wire trap.

A linear cryogenic 16-pole wire ion trap has been developed and constructed for cryogenic ion spectroscopy at temperatures below 4 K. The trap is temperature-variable, can be operated with different buffer gases, and offers large optical access perpendicular to the ion beam direction. The housing geometry enables temperature measurement during radio frequency operation.

Galvanic replacement of intermetallic nanocrystals as a route toward complex heterostructures.

Galvanic replacement reactions are a reliable method for transforming monometallic nanotemplates into bimetallic products with complex nanoscale architectures. When replacing bimetallic nanotemplates, even more complex multimetallic products can be made, with final nanocrystal shapes and architectures depending on multiple processes, including Ostwald ripening and the Kirkendall effect. Galvanic replacement, therefore, is a promising tool in increasing the architectural complexity of multimetallic templates, especially if we can identify and control the relevant processes in a given system and apply them more broadly.

Effect of total joint replacement in hip osteoarthritis on serum COMP and its correlation with mechanical-functional parameters of gait analysis.

Objective: To study the effect of total hip replacement (THR) on serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein concentration (sCOMP) and its correlation with joint loading during gait in patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis.

Design: In this prospective multimodal (clinical, biomechanical, biochemical) study blood samples from 15 patients were taken before and up to three times after THR (7 days, 3 months and 1 year), each after a resting period of at least 30 min, for analysis of sCOMP. Gait analysis was performed before and 1 year after THR to determine hip and knee joint moments.

Highly Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors with Tunable Duration of Action by Chemical Modification of Transferable Carbamate Units Exhibit Pronounced Neuroprotective Effect in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model.

In this study, the carbamate structure of pseudo-irreversible butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors was optimized with regard to a longer binding to the enzyme. A set of compounds bearing different heterocycles (e.g.

Rotational Spectroscopy of a Triatomic Molecular Anion.

Rotational transitions of the nonlinear triatomic molecular anion NH_{2}^{-} have been observed by terahertz spectroscopy in a cryogenic radio frequency ion trap. Absorption of terahertz photons has been probed by rotational state-dependent photodetachment of the trapped negative ions near the detachment threshold. Using this two-photon scheme, the two lowest rotational transitions for the asymmetric top rotor NH_{2}^{-} have been found.

Interaction of 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan and negative dietary cation-anion difference on calcium homeostasis in multiparous peripartum dairy cows.

Hypocalcemia affects almost 50% of all dairy cows. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that infusions of the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan (5-HTP) increase circulating calcium concentrations in the Holstein transition cow. It is unknown whether feeding a negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) diet alters the relationship between 5-HTP and hypocalcemia.

Elevating serotonin pre-partum alters the Holstein dairy cow hepatic adaptation to lactation.

Serotonin is known to regulate energy and calcium homeostasis in several mammalian species. The objective of this study was to determine if pre-partum infusions of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the immediate precursor to serotonin synthesis, could modulate energy homeostasis at the level of the hepatocyte in post-partum Holstein and Jersey dairy cows. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows and twelve multiparous Jersey cows were intravenously infused daily for approximately 7 d pre-partum with either saline or 1 mg/kg bodyweight of 5-HTP.

Effect of incomplete milking on milk production rate and composition with 2 daily milkings.

The primary aim of this study was to assess the effects of incomplete milking on milk secretion and milk composition at the quarter level. Twelve cows were enrolled beginning at 5 d in milk and remained on study through 47 d in milk. Half of each contralateral udder was incompletely milked (treatment), detaching the teat cup early to leave approximately 30% of the total milk yield behind.

Elevation of circulating serotonin improves calcium dynamics in the peripartum dairy cow.

Hypocalcemia is a metabolic disorder that affects dairy cows during the transition from pregnancy to lactation. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows and twelve multiparous Jersey cows were intravenously infused daily for approximately 7 days prepartum with either saline or 1.0mg/kg bodyweight of the immediate precursor to serotonin synthesis, 5hydroxy-l-tryptophan (5-HTP).

Upper limits to the reaction rate coefficients of C(n)(-) and C(n)H(-) (n = 2, 4, 6) with molecular hydrogen.

In the interstellar medium (ISM) ion–molecule reactions play a key role in forming complex molecules. Since 2006, after the radioastronomical discovery of the first of by now six interstellar anions, interest has grown in understanding the formation and destruction pathways of negative ions in the ISM. Experiments have focused on reactions and photodetachment of the identified negatively charged ions.

Eating behavior and nutrition knowledge among musical theatre students.

Eating is a central part in human (social) life. Athletic performance and physical attractiveness are linked to appropriate nutritional behavior, especially for performing artists. Eating behavior and nutrition knowledge have not been examined in musical theatre students so far, which this study aims to analyze.

Survey of health problems in musical theater students: a pilot study.

Unlabelled: Musical theater performers are the "triathletes" in the performing arts. The field requires versatility in a combination of skills including dancing, singing, and drama in a high frequency of performances. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the health situation of musical theater students using a complete musical educational institute as an example (n = 37).

A phase I/II study of altered fractionated IMRT alone for intermediate T-stage oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Background And Purpose: To prospectively assess the feasibility and efficacy of an accelerated and hyperfractionated intensity- modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) schedule for intermediate T-stage oropharyngeal cancer.

Patients And Methods: Patients with T3 or unfavorable T2 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were eligible; a three-dose level simultaneous integrated boost IMRT strategy was used, delivering 78, 69, and 60 Gy to gross disease, high-risk and low-risk target areas, respectively, in 60 twice daily fractions over 6 weeks. No sequential/concomitant systemic treatment or up-front radical surgery was allowed.

Weekly dose-volume parameters of mucosa and constrictor muscles predict the use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy during exclusive intensity-modulated radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer.

Purpose: To define predictors of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) use during intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for oropharyngeal cancer.

Methods And Materials: Data for 59 consecutive patients treated with exclusive IMRT at a single institution were recovered. Of 59 patients, 25 were treated with hyperfractionation (78 Gy, 1.