Variations of perforating arteries of anterior communicating artery in cases with anterior communicating artery aneurysms: a cadaveric anatomical study.

Purpose: In terms of postoperative morbidity and mortality, preservation of the perforating arteries branching from the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) during clipping is particularly imperative in patients with ACoA aneurysm. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether perforating arteries originated from ACoA were pushed away in a different location in patients with ACoA aneurysm. Furthermore, if they did so, we aimed to identify the direction in which they were dislocated and how the perforating arteries could be preserved during clipping.

Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage: Etiologies, risk factors, and necessity of the second angiogram.

Aim: In this paper, we aim to present our experience with a series of patients with PMSAH. In addition, the clinical course of perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrgade (PMSAH) is discussed with an evaluation of etiologies, risk factors, and the necessity for a second angiogram on follow-up.

Materials And Methods: The data for this study were obtained retrospectively from patients who were treated at the Uludag University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Neurovascular Surgery's clinic with a diagnosis of PMSAH between January 1980 and March 2002.

Effect of Pre/Postconditioning at Temporary Clipping.

Intracranial aneurysms and their treatment is one of the leading problems of neurosurgery that create high mortality and morbidity. The technique of safe clipping is as generally used depends on the temporary occlusion of the cerebral vasculature during surgery. However, there is no exact data about temporary clipping or timing of this procedure.

The artery of Percheron revisited: a cadaveric anatomical study.

Background: The artery of Percheron (AOP) is a single thalamoperforating arterial trunk that provides bilateral supply to the paramedian thalami and the rostral midbrain. As this rare anatomical variant artery may be involved in endovascular procedures or encountered surgically during basilar terminus aneurysms, the present study was warranted.

Method: Thirty-four adult (20 male and 14 female) formalin-fixed cadaveric brains underwent dissection of the 68 posterior cerebral arteries.

Cerebellar granulocytic sarcoma: a case report.

Granulocytic sarcoma is a rare tumor composed of immature granulocytic cells that is usually associated with acute myelogenous leukemia. Intraparenchymal cranial localization without skull, meningeal, or bone marrow invasion is extremely rare. The mechanisms of intraparenchymal cranial localization of GS remains unknown, as only 10 cases with cerebellar granulocytic sarcoma have been previously reported.

Anatomical aspects in the transsphenoidal-transethmoidal approach to the optic canal: an anatomic-cadaveric study.

Background: Determining anatomic landmarks during a transsphenoidal-transethmoidal approach to the optic canal region is of critical importance.

Methods: Sella-parasella sphenoid bone blocks were extracted from adult cadavers. Anatomic dissections were performed in the optic canal region using a surgical microscope in 30 samples.

Surgical limits in transnasal approach to opticocarotid region and planum sphenoidale: an anatomic cadaveric study.

Background: The significance of medial and lateral opticocarotid recesses and the planum sphenoidale region in skull base pathologies for the transsphenoidal-transplanum approach were evaluated.

Methods: The sphenoid bone block samples were extracted from adult cadavers. Dissections and measurements in the opticocarotid and planum sphenoidale regions were performed in 29 samples using a surgical microscope.

Citicoline and postconditioning provides neuroprotection in a rat model of ischemic spinal cord injury.

Background: Ischemic spinal cord injury is a chain of events caused by the reduction and/or cessation of spinal cord blood flow, which results in neuronal degeneration and loss. Ischemic postconditioning is defined as a series of intermittent interruptions of blood flow in the early phase of reperfusion and has been shown to reduce the infarct size in cerebral ischemia. Our study aimed to characterize the relationship between the neuronal injury-decreasing effects of citicoline and ischemic postconditioning, which were proven to be effective against the apoptotic process.

Anatomy of the floor of the third ventricle in relation to endoscopic ventriculostomy.

Neuroanatomical structures that form the floor of the third ventricle (FTV) and neighboring tissues are important in the context of third ventriculostomy (TV) procedures. Thorough knowledge of the anatomical and histological organization of the region would be useful in understanding and preventing surgical complications. Taking the third ventricle region as a model, we aimed to simulate TV and make measurements of 23 cadaver brains, as well as perform histological examinations of the third ventricular floor on five cadaver brains.

Investigation of neuroprotective effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in the 6-hydroxydopamine induced rat Parkinson model.

Aim: Recent experimental and clinical studies on Parkinson's disease point out the pivotal role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and the possible positive effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapies. Our aim in this study was to investigate the preventive effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Material And Methods: Twenty-one female Wistar-Albino rats (200-250g) were used in this study.

Sylvian cistern dermoid cyst presenting with dysgeusia.

It is rare for a patient with a dermoid cyst (DC) to present with taste dysfunction. A 58-year-old man presented with an altered sense of taste. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a mass lesion in the right insula with compression effect.

Neuronal protective effects of focal ischemic pre- and/or postconditioning on the model of transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

We investigated the neuroprotective effects of pre- and postconditioning on infarct volume in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model in rats. Thirty-two male rats were divided into occlusion, preconditioning, postconditioning and both pre- and postconditioning groups. MCAo (120 minutes) was monitored with continuous cerebral tissue oxygen (O2) pressure (PtiO2).

Phase-contrast cine MRI versus MR cisternography on the evaluation of the communication between intraventricular arachnoid cysts and neighbouring cerebrospinal fluid spaces.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) in detecting possible communications between intraventricular arachnoid cysts (IV-ACs) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces based on MR cisternography (MRC) comparison.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one patients with IV-AC were examined by PC-MRI and MRC. In order to determine the communication of IVAC with its neighbouring CSF spaces, PC-MRI was employed.

Analysis of intracranial pressure changes during early versus late percutaneous tracheostomy in a neuro-intensive care unit.

Background: We aimed to investigate intracranial pressure (ICP) changes during early versus late bedside percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) in a neuro-intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods: This study included 30 patients admitted to our NICU for head trauma, subarachnoid haemorrhage, intracerebral haematoma or brain tumour with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) less than 8. These patients also underwent ICP monitoring.

Is supratentorial pressure difference clinically relevant? Analysis of 55 consecutive cases by bilateral intracranial pressure monitoring.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the possibilities of an early warning system by measuring intracranial pressure differences in order to prevent secondary insults to the injured brain.

Methods: Fifty-five cases with a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score 8 or below who presented with intracranial hypertension due to various intracranial pathologies underwent bilateral intraparenchymatous intracranial pressure (ICP) monitorization in an attempt to find out the existence of interhemispheric pressure differences. ICP values were recorded every 30 minutes during the first 24 hour interval.

Comparison of prognostic scores and surgical approaches to treat spinal metastatic tumors: a review of 57 cases.

Surgical treatment of metastatic spinal cord compression with or without neural deficit is controversial. Karnofsky and Tokuhashi scores have been proposed for prognosis of spinal metastasis. Here, we conducted a retrospective analysis of Karnofsky and modified Tokuhashi scores in 57 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for secondary spinal metastases to evaluate the value of these scores in aiding decision making for surgery.

MR imaging in the detection of diffuse axonal injury with mild traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: To evaluate the occurrence and distribution of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) caused by diffuse axonal injury (DAI) using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to attempt to correlate MR findings with post-concussion symptoms (PCS).

Patients And Methods: Forty MTBI patients (mean age: 32.5 years) with normal cranial computed tomography (CT) findings were examined with standard MR protocol including T(1)-weighted, T(2)-weighted, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), gradient echo (GRE) and diffusion-weighted (DW) sequences.

Clinical importance of the basal cavernous sinuses and cavernous carotid arteries relative to the pituitary gland and macroadenomas: quantitative analysis of the complete anatomy.

Background: It is unusual to encounter hemorrhagic complications caused by arterial or venous damage during TSS. Problems with these structures can lead to permanent disability or death. Our aim was to quantitatively analyze anatomical and radiologic relationships among the BCS, the CCA, and the pituitary gland, as these structures are accessed during TSS.

Pituitary apoplexy as a cause of internal carotid artery occlusion.

Occlusion of intracranial arteries by pituitary apoplexy with resulting infarction is a rare occurrence. A 50-year-old man who presented with a history of sudden onset of frontal headache and visual impairment was admitted to another medical centre and MRI revealed a non-enhancing sellar lesion with suprasellar and infrasellar extension. Thereafter, the patient's consciousness deteriorated progressively and he showed signs of herniation; he was then referred to our centre for further evaluation.

Unusual complications and presentations of intracranial abscess: experience of a single institution.

Background: Complicating events and unusual presentations associated with intracranial abscess are rare but potentially fatal conditions. This study was undertaken to shed light on the unusual complications and presentations of intracranial abscess treated at a single institution.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 116 cases of intracranial abscesses that were treated at our institution over the last 10 years and identified 11 (9.

Meningiomas with conventional MRI findings resembling intraaxial tumors: can perfusion-weighted MRI be helpful in differentiation?

Introduction: To investigate the contribution of perfusion-weighted MRI to the differentiation of meningiomas with atypical conventional MRI findings from intraaxial tumors.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 54 meningiomas, 12 glioblastomas and 13 solitary metastases. We detected 6 meningiomas with atypical features on conventional MRI resembling intraaxial tumors.

Effects of intranigral vs intrastriatal fetal mesencephalic neural grafts on motor behavior disorders in a rat Parkinson model.

Background: Numerous experimental and clinical studies have shown that intrastriatal fetal mesencephalic grafts grow, survive, and reinnervate host brain tissue, resulting in partial recovery of motor deficits. In addition, pharmacological evidence indicates that these grafts increase dopamine secretion in lesioned brain. However, to date, no grafting method has completely restored the nigrostriatal pathway, and there is no consensus on optimal graft numbers or locations.

MK-801 improves neurological and histological outcomes after spinal cord ischemia induced by transient aortic cross-clipping in rats.

Background: Glutamergic excitotoxicity has been shown to play a deleterious role in the pathophysiology of ischemic spinal cord injury (ISCI). The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of a single dose of MK-801, an antiexcitotoxic drug, in a rat model of ISCI.

Methods: Ischemic spinal cord injury was induced for 17 minutes in Sprague-Dawley rats using direct aortic arch, just proximal to the left common carotid artery, plus left subclavian artery cross-clamping through a left-sided limited thoracotomy.

Comparison of ventricular drainage in poor grade patients after intracranial hemorrhage.

Objectives: The selection of patients and treatment criteria for acute hydrocephalus and intracranial pressure (ICP) after intracranial hemorrhage remains unclear. In general neurosurgical practice, there is a tendency to use external ventricular drainage (EVD) for the patients. This study was undertaken to analyse the complications and efficiency of the different treatment modalities.

Medial portion of the cavernous sinus: quantitative analysis of the medial wall.

Pituitary tumors invade the cavernous sinus via the medial wall. Researchers have speculated that this wall is composed of dura and that substances secreted by tumors might damage this barrier. In contrast to the lateral wall, little is known about the structure of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus (MWCS).