Treatment outcomes and associated factors among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Southwestern Oromia, Ethiopia: ten-year retrospective analysis.

Background: Treatment of rifampicin-resistant or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) requires the use of second-line anti-TB drugs, which are less effective and more toxic. This study assessed treatment outcomes and factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes among RR/MDR-TB patients in Southwestern Oromia, Ethiopia.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted on 226 RR/MDR-TB patients (six extrapulmonary and 220 pulmonary) treated under a national TB program between 2013 and 2022 at five treatment facilities in Southwestern Oromia, Ethiopia.