Assessing gender stereotypes and sexual risk practices in men who have sex with men.

Objective: To analyze the construct validity and the internal consistency of the 12-item Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI-12) questionnaire and to study the association between gender stereotypes and sexual risk practices in men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 601 MSM who voluntarily and anonymously responded to an online survey on risk practices and gender stereotypes. The BSRI-12 was used to obtain gender stereotypes (masculine, feminine, undifferentiated and androgynous).

Correlation between diagnosis of depression and symptoms present in primary care patients.

Depression is a chronic disease with a high prevalence that normally is episodic and an average episodic duration of 16 weeks. No analyses that evaluate the correlation between the evolution of the episode and its appearance have been found. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between symptomatic progression (appearance, maintenance, remission of different symptoms) and the evolution of the diagnosis of depression (onset, maintenance, and remission) in a cohort of patients diagnosed with and without major depression.

Factors associated with treatment-seeking behavior for postpartum urinary incontinence.

Purpose: To identify the factors associated with treatment-seeking behavior for urinary incontinence (UI) among postpartum women.

Design: This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 142 women with postpartum UI responded a telephone interview between August of 2010 and March of 2011.

Urinary incontinence and weight changes during pregnancy and post partum: a pending challenge.

Objective: to analyse the association between urinary incontinence and maternal weight, and its variations in pregnancy and post partum.

Design: observational study of a cohort of women from the start of pregnancy until six months post partum.

Setting: Hospital San Pedro in La Rioja, Spain.

Mental health and social relations in older rural population.

Objectives: To describe and analyze the influence of social relations in the elderly in the rural setting with depression.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Sample: Patients (N=787) over 64 years, non-institutionalized who belong to the Basic Health Zone Substations (Zaragoza), a representative rural area of Aragon.

[Urinary incontinence 6 months after childbirth].

Background And Objective: Urinary incontinence initiated before and right after delivery and persisting 3 months after delivery tends to become chronic. We intended to estimate the persistence of urinary incontinence 6 months postpartum and to analyse the different factors associated with it.

Patients And Methods: Follow-up study 6 months after delivery of women presenting urinary incontinence symptoms in gestation or in the first 2 months of postpartum.

[Validation of the Spanish version of the short forms of the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) in pregnant women].

Objective: To validate two measurement instruments, the UDI-6 and the IIQ-7, for the study of urinary incontinence and its impact on the quality of life of pregnant women.

Methods: We carried out a validation study of a diagnostic tool. A total of 181 pregnant women completed the UDI-6 and IIQ-7 questionnaires.

[Spanish opinions on tobacco smoke-free areas].

Objective: To determine the number of passive smokers, the environments where exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) is higher, the opinion of smokers and non-smokers with regard to these spaces and their influence on smoking.

Design: Descriptive and cross-sectional observational study of a convenience sample.

Location: Multi-centre, Spanish Health-care Centres.

[Chronic diseases and functional deterioration in activities of daily living in community-dwelling elders].

Objective: To analyze the influence of chronic medical conditions on functional performance of activities of daily living, both basic (BADL) and instrumental (IADL), among the socially-active older population.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 380 individuals aged over 64 years old who regularly attended community centers in the city of Zaragoza. The Older Americans Resources and Services (OARS) questionnaire was completed in a personal interview.

[Functional capacity for daily living activities among senior citizens attending Community Centers in the city of Zaragoza, Spain, 2005].

Background: To study the dependence related to aging is of particular interest in Aragon, where the population is one of the most aged in Spain. The objective of this study is that of quantifying the degree of functional dependence for daily living activities (DLA) and identifying the personal traits related thereto among individuals age 65 and above who are living at home and attend Community Centers in the city of Zaragoza.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 380 individuals selected by two-stage sampling.

[Correlation between carbon-monoxide levels in exhaled air and nicotine-dependence measurements systems (DSM-IV, Fagerström test and ARU-SMQ-9) in adolescent smokers].

Background And Objective: If we are capable of 1) determining the correlation, in young smokers, between carbon-monoxide levels in exhaled air (CO) and carboxihemoblobine (COHb) (cooximetrically determined) and 2) adapting the versions of the nosologic criteria DSM-IV for nicotine-depencence (DSM-IVa), Fagerström Test (FTNDa), and ARU-SMQ-9a Test to adolescents, then we may be able to establish how useful such tests are to measure nicotine-ependences in adolescents. SUBJECTS AND MEHTOD: Cross-sectional, observation-based study carried out in 41 schools. 2,647 students aged 10 to 17 years were surveyed.