The Genomic and Biologic Landscapes of Breast Cancer and Racial Differences.

Breast cancer is a significant health challenge worldwide and is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women globally. This review provides a comprehensive overview of breast cancer biology, genomics, and microbial dysbiosis, focusing on its various subtypes and racial differences. Breast cancer is primarily classified into carcinomas and sarcomas, with carcinomas constituting most cases.

Assessment of DNA damage using chromosomal aberrations assay in lymphocytes of waterpipe smokers.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxicity of waterpipe smoking in the lymphocytes of waterpipe smokers using chromosomal aberrations (CAs) assay.

Materials And Methods: Fifty waterpipe smokers and 18 healthy non-smokers volunteered to participate in the study. Additionally, 18 heavy cigarette smokers were recruited for comparison.

Assessment of genotoxicity of waterpipe and cigarette smoking in lymphocytes using the sister-chromatid exchange assay: a comparative study.

Tobacco smoking is a major world health problem. Recently, waterpipe smoking has become more popular in many countries. Although the genotoxicity associated with cigarette smoking has been extensively investigated, studies evaluating such toxicity in waterpipe users are still lacking.