Rolling down the pilus formation of gram-positive bacteria: underlining the importance of Sortase C as a drug target.

Bacteria possess hair-like projections on their surface termed pili. The primary function of a pilus is to enable bacterial cell attachment to the host. Since pili are associated with cell adhesion, they play a major role in bacterial colonization and infection.

Insight on Plant for its Pharmacological Properties: A Review.

is a woody shrub of the family . Over 1500 species are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Asia. There are more than 54 species known to possess similar morphological features with the characteristic bitter taste.

Fast Track Diagnostic Tools for Clinical Management of Sepsis: Paradigm Shift from Conventional to Advanced Methods.

Sepsis is one of the deadliest disorders in the new century due to specific limitations in early and differential diagnosis. Moreover, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming the dominant threat to human health globally. The only way to encounter the spread and emergence of AMR is through the active detection and identification of the pathogen along with the quantification of resistance.

Peel Waste - An Underutilized Substrate of Therapeutic Potential: An Overview.

India is the second largest consumer and producer of fruits globally. It leads to ample solid waste per year from fruit processing industries that have been proven hazardous to the surroundings. Punica granatum (Pomegranate) belongs to the Lythraceae subfamily Punicoideae, which exhibits immense nutritional properties and delicious flavoring components.

Management of complicated parapneumonic effusions.

Purpose Of Review: Approximately 36-57% of cases of pneumonia are associated with a parapneumonic effusion (PPE). It begins as sterile effusion, which can quickly evolve to a fibrinopurulent stage with evidence of infection called complicated parapneumonic effusions (CPPE). Marked fibrinous organization then follows.

Unravelling the Differential Host Immuno-Inflammatory Responses to and Infections in Sepsis.

Previous reports from our lab have documented dysregulated host inflammatory reactions in response to bacterial infections in sepsis. Both Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) play a significant role in the development and progression of sepsis by releasing several virulence factors. During sepsis, host cells produce a range of inflammatory responses including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, nitrite generation, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release, and pro-inflammatory cytokines production.

A 62-Year-Old Immunocompromised Man With Halo Sign on Chest Imaging.

A 62-year-old White man with a history of orthotopic liver transplantation 16 years ago for alcoholic liver cirrhosis on chronic immunosuppression and recurrent decompensated cirrhosis of his graft liver complicated by ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and esophageal varices presented to the hospital with altered mental status. Over the last few weeks, he had reduced frequency of bowel movements and subsequently developed altered sensorium 3 days before presentation. On arrival to the hospital, he was disoriented and had asterixis consistent with hepatic encephalopathy.

Barriers and facilitators to the conduct of critical care research in low and lower-middle income countries: A scoping review.

Background: Improvements in health-related outcomes for critically ill adults in low and lower-middle income countries need systematic investments in research capacity and infrastructure. High-quality research has been shown to strengthen health systems; yet, research contributions from these regions remain negligible or absent. We undertook a scoping review to describe barriers and facilitators for the conduct of critical care research.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on U.S. Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Fellowship Training.

Background: Although it is well known that the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound effect on health care, its impact on fellowship training in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) has not been well described.

Objective: We conducted an anonymous survey of PCCM program directors (PDs) to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on PCCM fellowship training across the United States.

Methods: We developed a 30-question web-based survey that was distributed to U.

Characteristics of Serrated Adenomas in Non-Hispanic Whites and African Americans Undergoing Screening Colonoscopy.

Background and aim Adenomatous polyps are precursor lesions for colorectal cancer (CRC). Serrated adenomas/polyps are considered a risk factor for the development of proximal and interval CRC. African-Americans are at higher risk for right-sided CRC.

Use of direct oral anticoagulants in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a systematic review.

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are being increasingly used in patients with chronic thromboembolic hypertension (CTEPH), however, the data on their safety and efficacy are scarce and contradictory. We systematically searched MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases from January 2010 to January 2021 for studies of DOACs in CTEPH. Three observational studies, 2 abstracts and one case series met our inclusion criteria.

The use of transbronchial cryobiopsy for diffuse parenchymal lung disease in critically ill patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure-A case series.

Objectives: Accurate diagnosis and management of undifferentiated diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) in critically ill patients is challenging. Transbronchial forceps biopsies have limited utility and surgical lung biopsies can be detrimental for critically ill patients. Transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBC) has shown increased diagnostic yield compared to conventional forceps biopsy in DPLD.

Association of Pre-Admission Statin Use With Reduced In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19.

Background: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection is associated with an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response. Statins, given their anti-inflammatory properties, may reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the association between statin use prior to hospitalization and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Clinical presentations and outcomes in pulmonary embolism patients with cancer.

To study whether a diagnosis of cancer affects the clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). A retrospective analysis was performed of all consecutive patients diagnosed with PE on a computed tomography scan from 2014 to 2016 at an urban tertiary-referral medical center. Baseline characteristics, treatment decisions, and mortality data were compared between study subjects with and without a known diagnosis of active cancer.

Incidence of Multidrug Resistant Infections in Emergency Department Patients with Suspected Sepsis.

Background: Inappropriate antibiotic therapy in sepsis is associated with poor outcomes, clinicians often provide routine coverage for multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. However, these regimens may contribute to problems related to antibiotic overuse. To understand the incidence and related factors of multidrug resistant bacterial infections in ED patients with sepsis, we examined how often patients with sepsis in our emergency department had MDR infections.

Correction to: Don't Drive Blind: Driving Pressure to Optimize Ventilator Management in ECMO.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The spelling of the Hitoshi Hirose name was incorrect. It was corrected in this erratum.

Don't Drive Blind: Driving Pressure to Optimize Ventilator Management in ECMO.

Introduction: Driving pressure (DP) while on ECMO has been studied in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) but no studies exist in those on ECMO without ARDS. We aimed to study association of mortality with DP in all patients on ECMO and compare change in DP before and after initiation of ECMO.

Methods: Consecutive patients placed on ECMO either veno-arterial ECMO or veno-venous ECMO between August 2010 and February 2017 were reviewed.

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: rare but not to be forgotten.

We report a case of a 59-year-old male with a one-month history of pleuritic chest pain who was diagnosed with tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO). TO is a rare benign condition characterized by protruding submucosal nodules into the tracheobronchial lumen. The disease is generally asymptomatic, with rare cases of progressive nodularity, cough, dyspnoea, and haemoptysis.

Risk factors for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in mechanically ventilated adults in Peru: a multicenter observational study.

Background: Clinical and epidemiological differences between acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that presents at the initiation of mechanical ventilation [MV] (ARDS at MV onset) and that which develops during the course of MV (ARDS after MV onset) are not well understood. We conducted an observational study in five Peruvian ICUs to characterize differences between ARDS at MV onset and after MV onset and identify risk factors for the development of ARDS after MV onset.

Methods: We consecutively enrolled critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure requiring at least 24 h of mechanical ventilation and followed them prospectively during the first 28 days and compared baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes by ARDS status.

Quantification of NETs formation in neutrophil and its correlation with the severity of sepsis and organ dysfunction.

Background: Previous study from this lab has discerned oxidative, nitrosative stress and their relationship with cytokines contributing to the severity of sepsis and organ dysfunction. Cytokines are known to induce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation via free radicals generation. Hyper-activation of neutrophil leads to the increased NETs formation or ineffective clearance of NETs would likely increase the risk of auto-antibody generation against NETs components and being partly responsible for the sepsis severity and organ dysfunction.

Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles by : optimisation and antibacterial activity against selected waterborne human pathogens.

Multiple drug resistance and treatment of contaminated water has become a serious issue in past years. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), being bactericidal, non-toxic, cheap and environment friendly behaviour, have drawn attention to overcome these problems. This study has been designed to synthesise AgNPs from .

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Formation and Involvement in Disease Progression.

Neutrophils are the forerunner in innate immunity by defending the host organisms against infectious pathogens. During such process, neutrophils reach the site of inflammation/infection and eliminate the pathogens by phagocytosis as well as by forming the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs trap and eradicate a number of microbes including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses.

Anticancer Potential of Steviol in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and mechanism of action of steviol on human breast cancer cells (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 [MCF-7]).

Materials And Methods: Sulforhodamine-B assay was performed to analyze cytotoxic potential of Steviol whereas flow cytometer was used to analyze cell cycle, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species generation.

Results: Studying the viability of cells confirms the IC of Steviol in MCF-7 cells which was 185 μM.