Acid-activated α-MnO for photothermal co-catalytic oxidative degradation of propane: Activity and reaction mechanism.

In order to further reduce the energy consumption of the conventional thermal catalytic oxidation system and improve the degradation efficiency of pollutants, photothermal synergistic catalytic oxidation (PTSCO) system was constructed in this paper with propane as simulated pollutant representing VOCs, and then the modified α-MnO catalysts were prepared by using the acid activation method, which were used for the catalytic oxidation of propane in PTSCO. The α-MnO with appropriate acid concentration possessed excellent low-temperature reducibility, abundant active oxygen species, fast oxygen migration rate and a large number of acid sites. The optimal catalyst, H-MnO, had a T of 204 °C in the PTSCO system, which reduced by more than 30 °C relative to the α-MnO (T of 235 °C).

A genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen identifies TMEM239 as an important host factor in facilitating African swine fever virus entry into early endosomes.

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious, fatal disease of pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). The complexity of ASFV and our limited understanding of its interactions with the host have constrained the development of ASFV vaccines and antiviral strategies. To identify host factors required for ASFV replication, we developed a genome-wide CRISPR knockout (GeCKO) screen that contains 186,510 specific single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting 20,580 pig genes and used genotype II ASFV to perform the GeCKO screen in wild boar lung (WSL) cells.

The antibodies against the A137R protein drive antibody-dependent enhancement of African swine fever virus infection in porcine alveolar macrophages.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious disease that can kill up to 100% of domestic pigs and wild boars. It has been shown that the pigs inoculated with some ASF vaccine candidates display more severe clinical signs and die earlier than do pigs not immunized. We hypothesize that antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of ASFV infection may be caused by the presence of some unidentified antibodies.

Identification of two novel B cell epitopes on E184L protein of African swine fever virus using monoclonal antibodies.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus with a complex structural architecture and encodes more than 150 proteins, where many are with unknown functions. E184L has been reported as one of the immunogenic ASFV proteins that may contribute to ASFV pathogenesis and immune evasion. However, the antigenic epitopes of E184L are not yet characterized.

Flexible Graphene Paper Modified Using Pt&Pd Alloy Nanoparticles Decorated Nanoporous Gold Support for the Electrochemical Sensing of Small Molecular Biomarkers.

The exploration into nanomaterial-based nonenzymatic biosensors with superb performance in terms of good sensitivity and anti-interference ability in disease marker monitoring has always attained undoubted priority in sensing systems. In this work, we report the design and synthesis of a highly active nanocatalyst, i.e.

A highly efficient blocking ELISA based on p72 monoclonal antibody for the detection of African swine fever virus antibodies and identification of its linear B cell epitope.

Due to the absence of effective vaccine and treatment, African swine fever virus (ASFV) control is entirely dependent on accurate and early diagnosis, along with culling of infected pigs. The B646L/p72 is the major capsid protein of ASFV and is an important target for developing a diagnostic assays and vaccines. Herein, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) (designated as 2F11) against the trimeric p72 protein, and a blocking ELISA (bELISA) was established for the detection of both genotype I and II ASFV antibodies.

Optical readout of charge carriers stored in a 2D memory cell of monolayer WSe.

Owing to their superior charge retaining and transport characteristics, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides are investigated for practical applications in various memory-cell structures. Herein, we fabricated a quasi-one-terminal 2D memory cell by partially depositing a WSe monolayer on an Au electrode, which can be manipulated to achieve efficient charge injection upon the application or removal of external bias. Furthermore, the amount of charge carriers stored in the memory cell could be optically probed because of its close correlation with the fluorescence efficiency of WSe, allowing us to achieve an electron retention time of ∼300 s at the cryogenic temperature of 4 K.

The attenuated African swine fever vaccine HLJ/18-7GD provides protection against emerging prevalent genotype II variants in China.

Genetic changes have occurred in the genomes of prevalent African swine fever viruses (ASFVs) in the field in China, which may change their antigenic properties and result in immune escape. There is usually poor cross-protection between heterogonous isolates, and, therefore, it is important to test the cross-protection of the live attenuated ASFV vaccines against current prevalent heterogonous isolates. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of the ASFV vaccine candidate HLJ/18-7GD against emerging isolates.

African Swine Fever Virus HLJ/18 CD2v Suppresses Type I IFN Production and IFN-Stimulated Genes Expression through Negatively Regulating cGMP-AMP Synthase-STING and IFN Signaling Pathways.

African swine fever is a fatal infectious disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). The high mortality caused by this infectious disease is a significant challenge to the swine industry worldwide. ASFV virulence is related to its ability to antagonize IFN response, yet the mechanism of antagonism is not understood.

Development of an ELISA Method to Differentiate Animals Infected with Wild-Type African Swine Fever Viruses and Attenuated HLJ/18-7GD Vaccine Candidate.

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease of pigs, posing a significant threat to the world pig industry. Several researchers are investigating the possibilities for developing a safe and efficient vaccine against ASF. In this regard, significant progress has been made and some gene-deleted ASFVs are reported as potential live attenuated vaccines.

Adsorption coupling photocatalytic removal of gaseous n-hexane by phosphorus-doped g-CN/TiO/Zn(OAc)-ACF composites.

VOCs emission reduction in the petroleum and petrochemical industry is a hot and difficult topic at present. The single method may not be able to meet the actual treatment status. Therefore, the adsorption coupled photocatalytic degradation technology was used to remove VOCs.

Thickness dependent properties of ultrathin perovskite nanosheets with Ruddlesden-Popper-like atomic stackings.

Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites possess a rich variety of multiple phases due to their mixed organic cations and variable layer numbers. However, the direct observation of these phases and their optical performance in ultrathin nanosheets, have rarely been reported. Here we demonstrate, through a one-pot CVD synthesis method to incorporate MA and NMA cations into PbI simultaneously, that the stackings of Ruddlesden-Popper phases with a distribution of a number of layers 〈〉 can be produced within a single perovskite nanosheet.

Genotype I African swine fever viruses emerged in domestic pigs in China and caused chronic infection.

The Georgia-07-like genotype II African swine fever virus (ASFV) with high virulence has been prevalent in China since 2018. Here, we report that genotype I ASFVs have now also emerged in China. Two non-haemadsorbing genotype I ASFVs, HeN/ZZ-P1/21 and SD/DY-I/21, were isolated from pig farms in Henan and Shandong province, respectively.

Synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis for the degradation of toluene by TiO loaded on ACF modified by Zn(CHCOO).

Activated carbon fiber (ACF) was modified by Zn(NO), ZnCl, and Zn(CHCOO)), respectively, and then, TiO was loaded on the modified ACFs. The adsorption and photocatalysis performance were explored through the removal of toluene, and TiO/ACF- modified by Zn(CHCOO)) with the best toluene degradation performance was selected. The characterization results of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) indicated that the samples were rough, and TiO was mainly loaded on the surface containing large amount of oxygen-containing functional groups in anatase phase.

Characterization of Anti-p54 Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Potential Use for African Swine Fever Virus Diagnosis.

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal hemorrhagic viral disease of domestic pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Although a good advance has been made to understand the virus, a safe and effective vaccine against ASFV is still lacking and its eradication solely depends on its early and accurate diagnosis. Thus, improving the available diagnostic assays and adding some validated techniques are useful for a range of serological investigations.

Recombinant bluetongue virus with hemagglutinin epitopes in VP2 has potential as a labeled vaccine.

Bluetongue (BT) is an arbovirus-borne disease of ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (BTV) that has the potential to have a serious economic impact. Currently available commercial vaccines include attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines, both of which have achieved great success in the prevention and control of BTV. However, these vaccines cannot distinguish between infected animals and immunized animals.

Development and optimization of a DNA-based reverse genetics systems for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus.

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a member of the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae, and has a genome consisting of 10 linear double-stranded (ds) RNA segments. The current reverse genetics system (RGS) for engineering the EHDV genome relies on the use of in vitro-synthesized capped viral RNA transcripts. To obtain more-efficient and simpler RGSs for EHDV, we developed an entirely DNA (plasmid or PCR amplicon)-based RGS for viral rescue.

Neutralization Mechanism of a Monoclonal Antibody Targeting a Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Cap Protein Conformational Epitope.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important pathogen in swine herds, and its infection of pigs has caused severe economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. The capsid protein of PCV2 is the only structural protein that is associated with PCV2 infection and immunity. Here, we report a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb), MAb 3A5, that binds to intact PCV2 virions of the PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d genotypes.

PCR-based reverse genetics strategy for bluetongue virus recovery.

Background: Bluetongue virus (BTV), an emerging insect vector mediated pathogen affecting both wild ruminants and livestock, has a genome consisting of 10 linear double-stranded RNA genome segments. BTV has a severe economic impact on agriculture in many parts of the world. Current reverse genetics (RG) strategy to rescue BTV mainly rely on in vitro synthesis of RNA transcripts from cloned complimentary DNA (cDNA) corresponding to viral genome segments with the aid of helper plasmids.

Assessment for Less than 20-ppm Oil Leakage in Soil Using Terahertz Wave.

Although an accurate detection of trace oil leaks is of the utmost important for soil protection, the typically used techniques fail to provide rapid assessment of less than 20 parts per million (ppm) of oil in soil. Terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy, an optical method with high sensitivity to polar organics, was used to characterize the content of crude oil in soils. A linear model was built between the concentration of crude oil and the THz attenuation coefficient, which predicted the limit of detection ranging from 4.

Generation, identification, and functional analysis of monoclonal antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nucleocapsid.

The variant strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) severely threaten the pig industry worldwide and cause up to 100% mortality in suckling piglets. It is critically important and urgent to develop tools for detection of PEDV infection. In this study, we developed six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting N protein of PEDV and analyzed their applications on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), western blot assay, and flow cytometry assay.