Glial Nrf2 signaling mediates the neuroprotection exerted by Blume in Lrrk2-G2019S Parkinson's disease.

The most frequent missense mutations in familial Parkinson's disease (PD) occur in the highly conserved gene with G2019S mutation. We previously established a fly model of PD carrying the mutation that exhibited the parkinsonism-like phenotypes. An herbal medicine Blume (GE), has been reported to have neuroprotective effects in toxin-induced PD models.

deficit in prefrontal cortex contributes to the behaviors related to schizophrenia via system x-mediated glutamatergic dysfunction in mice.

Although molecular investigations of regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) alterations in schizophrenia patients yielded partially inconsistent findings, the previous studies suggested that RGS4 is both a positional and functional candidate gene for schizophrenia and is significantly decreased in the prefrontal cortex. However, the exact role of RGS4 in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is unclear. Moreover, a whole genome transcription profile study showed the possibility of RGS4-regulated expression of SLC7A11(xCT), a component of cysteine/glutamate transporter or system x.