Preterm birth and detection of common respiratory pathogens among pediatric pneumonia.

Pneumonia complicated by preterm birth is related to adverse clinical sequelae from the neonatal period to childhood. Children with pneumonia during 2009-2021 were enrolled at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Altogether 20 respiratory pathogens were detected and compared.

Analysis of Multimorbidity of Moderate to Severe Allergic Rhinitis in Children: A Real-World Study.

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) in children is associated with various comorbidities, posing challenges for treatment and management. There have been few investigations of these multimorbidities in Chinese children with AR. Here, we investigated the prevalence of multimorbidities in children with moderate to severe AR and analyzed the influencing factors using real-world data.

Publishing clinical prActice GuidelinEs (PAGE): Recommendations from editors and reviewers.

Transparency Ecosystem for Research and Journals in Medicine (TERM) working group summarized the essential recommendations that should be considered to review and publish a high-quality guideline. These recommendations from editors and reviewers included 10 components of essential requirements: systematic review of existing relevant guidelines, guideline registration, guideline protocol, stakeholders, conflicts of interest, clinical questions, systematic reviews, recommendation consensus, guideline reporting and external review. TERM working group abbreviates them as PAGE (essential requirements for Publishing clinical prActice GuidelinEs), and recommends guideline authors, editors, and peer reviewers to use them for high-quality guidelines.

[Neuro-immune interactions in respiratory diseases].

The nervous system and the immune system are relatively independent but interactional, and neuro-immune regulation is very important for the respiratory system to resist external harmful stimuli and to maintain homeostasis. Neuro-immune interaction is involved in the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases, and is essential for monitoring and modulating inflammation and tissue repair. This article summaries the neuro-immune regulation of respiratory system and discusses its role in respiratory diseases, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the crosstalk between the nervous and immune systems, to explore the underlying mechanism in respiratory diseases, and to provide new thoughts for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide: a potential target for antiviral therapy.

Viral infection is clinically common and some viral diseases, such as the ongoing global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), have high morbidity and mortality. However, most viral infections are currently lacking in specific therapeutic agents and effective prophylactic vaccines, due to inadequate response, increased rate of drug resistance and severe adverse side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to find new specific therapeutic targets for antiviral defense among which "peptide-based therapeutics" is an emerging field.

Age-specific spectrum of etiological pathogens for viral diarrhea among children in twelve consecutive winter-spring seasons (2009-2021) in China.

Viral diarrhea is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. This study was conducted to disclose the etiological cause and epidemiological features of viral diarrhea among children in China. From 2009 to 2021, active surveillance was performed on pediatric patients with acute diarrhea and tested for five enteric viruses.

Associations of early-life factors and indoor environmental exposure with asthma among children: a case-control study in Chongqing, China.

Background: Childhood asthma has substantial effects on children's health. It is important to identify influencing factors in early life in the development of childhood asthma. We aim to evaluate the effects of early-life factors and indoor environmental exposure on childhood asthma in Chongqing, China.

Comparative analysis of clinical features and risk factors of severe pneumonia development in pediatric patients hospitalized with seasonal influenza or swine-origin influenza infection.

Background: The influenza A virus is the most important human pathogen affecting respiratory tract in children and has been prevalent for more than a century.

Objectives: To describe epidemiological and clinical features in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection caused by a novel swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) and seasonal influenza virus A (IVA).

Material And Methods: A total of 1,074 nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) samples were collected from children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infections.

The Impact of Weather and Air Pollution on Viral Infection and Disease Outcome Among Pediatric Pneumonia Patients in Chongqing, China, from 2009 to 2018: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: For pediatric pneumonia, the meteorological and air pollution indicators have been frequently investigated for their association with viral circulation but not for their impact on disease severity.

Methods: We performed a 10-year prospective, observational study in 1 hospital in Chongqing, China, to recruit children with pneumonia. Eight commonly seen respiratory viruses were tested.

[Clinical effect of azithromycin adjuvant therapy in children with bronchiolitis: a systematic review and Meta analysis].

Objective: To systematically evaluate the clinical effect of azithromycin (AZM) adjuvant therapy in children with bronchiolitis.

Methods: Related databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on AZM adjuvant therapy in children with bronchiolitis published up to February 17, 2019. RevMan 5.

Pediatric allergy and immunology in China.

Over the past 30 years, China has enjoyed rapid economic development along with urbanization at a massive scale that the world has not experienced before. Such development has also been associated with a rapid rise in the prevalence of allergic disorders. Because of the large childhood population in the country, the burden of childhood allergic disorders has become one of the major challenges in the healthcare system.

Epidemiological analysis and follow-up of human rhinovirus infection in children with asthma exacerbation.

To determine the prevalence of human rhinovirus (HRV) infection in children with acute asthma exacerbations, investigation of HRV viral load and severity of asthma exacerbations is also required. Nasopharyngeal aspirates and swabs were collected and assessed for respiratory viruses. HRV-positive samples were sequenced to identify types and determine viral load.

Establishing a Role for Interleukin-17 in Atopic Dermatitis-Related Skin Inflammation.

Background: Although CD4 T cells are known to contribute to the pathology of atopic dermatitis (AD), the role of T helper 17 cells and interleukin (IL)-17 in skin inflammation remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of IL-17 in AD-related inflammation and immunopathology.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from 87 children with AD and 60 healthy control subjects.

Effects of leukotriene D4 on adenoidal T cells in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Purpose: This study aims to determine whether leukotriene D4 (LTD4) can promote T cell proliferation in adenoid tissues activation of CysLT1 receptors in children with OSAS.

Methods: CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation was assessed by flow cytometry in adenoid mononuclear cells (AdMCs) stimulated with LTD4 from children with OSAS. The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and their effects on the proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T cells in AdMCs were observed by western blotting.

[Airway inflammation induced by Poly(I:C) stimulation in the late stage of respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice and its mechanism].

Objective: To investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of airway inflammation and recurrent wheezing induced by recurrent respiratory virus infection after respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.

Methods: Sixty-four female BALB/c mice (aged 6-8 weeks) were randomly divided into four groups: control, RSV, Poly(I:C), and RSV+Poly(I:C) (n=16 each). The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected on the 3rd day after Poly(I:C) administration, and the total cell number and differential counts in BALF were determined.

[Levels of surfactant proteins A and D in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of children with pneumonia and their relationships with clinical characteristics].

Objective: To observe the levels of pulmonary surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A, SP-D) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of children with pneumonia, and to explore their relationships with clinical characteristics.

Methods: Thirty-five children with pneumonia were enrolled in this study. Differential cell counts were obtained by Countstar counting board.

Association between secondary thrombocytosis and viral respiratory tract infections in children.

Secondary thrombocytosis (ST) is frequently observed in children with a variety of clinical conditions. The leading cause of ST is respiratory tract infection (RTI) in children. Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected and assessed for common respiratory viruses.

Indoor Allergen Levels and Household Distributions in Nine Cities Across China.

Objective: Chinese allergic subjects have high levels of sensitization to house dust mite (HDM) and other indoor allergens. This study quantifies common indoor allergen levels in Chinese households.

Methods: Dust samples were collected from nine cities.

Association of Pneumococcal Carriage and Expression of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells and Th17 Cells in the Adenoids of Children.

Background: Pneumococcal carriage in the nasopharynx is a primary means of transmission and a necessary prerequisite for pneumococcal disease.

Objectives: We analyzed the relationship between expressions of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells, and pneumococcal carriage in the adenoids of children who were either positive or negative for pneumococci.

Methods: We collected adenoidal tissue and nasopharyngeal swab samples from children undergoing an adenoidectomy.

Detection of viral and bacterial pathogens in hospitalized children with acute respiratory illnesses, Chongqing, 2009-2013.

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) cause large disease burden each year. The codetection of viral and bacterial pathogens is quite common; however, the significance for clinical severity remains controversial. We aimed to identify viruses and bacteria in hospitalized children with ARI and the impact of mixed detections.