Evaluation of Arterial Stiffness Parameters and the Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Level in Patients with Premature Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is increasing at a younger age. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) has been implicated in several key mechanisms of atherogenesis. Arterial stiffness parameters, including pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the augmentation index (AIx), can indicate the presence or progression of atherosclerosis.