LINE-1 cfDNA Methylation as an Emerging Biomarker in Solid Cancers.

Epigenetic dysregulation is a hallmark of many human malignancies, with DNA methylation being a primary mechanism influencing gene expression and maintaining genomic stability. Genome-wide hypomethylation, characteristic of many cancers, is partly attributed to the demethylation of repetitive elements, including LINE-1, a prevalent non-LTR retrotransposon. The methylation status of LINE-1 is closely associated with overall genomic methylation levels in tumors.

Plasma Levels of Kynurenine, Soluble OX40 and Mir-138-5p Are Associated With Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Colorectal Cancer: An Exploratory Study.

Background/aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of leading cancers in terms of incidence and mortality. Interaction of tumor cells with the surrounding microenvironment plays a crucial role in the development and progression of CRC. Many pathways such as the kynurenine pathway, OX40/OX40L-mediated signaling and microRNAs targeting PD-L1 may be involved in CRC development by affecting T cell activation, thus creating an immune-deficient microenvironment.

Androgen Receptor Blockade Using Enzalutamide Suppresses Long Non-Coding RNA ARLNC1 in Prostate Cancer Cells.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignant disease with high mortality rates that develops and progresses in an androgen-dependent way. In recent years, RNA sequencing enabled identification of many PCa-related long noncoding RNAs including androgen receptor-regulated long non-coding RNA 1 () and prostate cancer-associated transcript 1 (). In the present study, our goal was to illuminate expression changes of and in the context of androgen stimulation or androgen receptor (AR) blockade with respect to AR expression status.

Fragmentation Analysis of Plasma DNA Reveals Its Prognostic Value in Gastric Cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a common cause of cancer-related deaths. The poor clinical outcome in GC patients is partially associated with a lack of appropriate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In the present study, we evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic values of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) integrity and the concentration of circulating nucleosomes (cNUCs).

Satellite 2 repeat DNA in blood plasma as a candidate biomarker for the detection of cancer.

Background And Aim: Currently, cancer biomarkers are associated with low diagnostic performance, and the notion of using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a surrogate cancer biomarker is a subject of ongoing research efforts. Pericentromeric satellite repeats were shown to expand in tumor cells. Here, we hypothesized that the increased release of satellite DNA into the circulation might be a basis for developing a biomarker for the detection of cancer.

Impact of histone methyltransferase SUV420H2 in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide. Triple methylation of H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me3), a key component of epigenetic regulation of genomic integrity, is catalyzed by the methyltransferase, SUV420H2. Data on the expression status of SUV420H2 in breast cancer are limited.

Circulating lncRNA H19 may be a useful marker of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.

Background: Novel biomarkers are needed to predict the effectiveness of the treatment of presurgical neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer (BC).

Objective: This is an exploratory study to assess the impact of 3 cancer-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) (H19, MALAT1 and GA5) in blood plasma of patients with BC in predicting the response to NAC.

Methods: The plasma levels of RNAs were relatively measured by quantitative PCR at baseline, and at the end of the fourth cycle of NAC in patients with locally advanced BC.

Plasma Histone H4 and H4K20 Trimethylation Levels Differ Between Colon Cancer and Precancerous Polyps.

Background/aim: No blood-based biomarkers are available to differentiate between colonic tumors and precancerous polyps. Previously we demonstrated levels of trimethylated H4K20 (H4K20me3) to be lower in blood plasma from patients with colon cancer than those from cancer-free individuals. Herein, we added individuals with precancerous polyps for the first time in order to analyze and investigate the usefulness of plasma H4K20me3 and histone H4 to discriminate colon tumors from precancerous polyps.

Detection of serum protein and circulating mRNA of cMET, HGF EGF and EGFR levels in lung cancer patients to guide individualized therapy.

Background: Reseptor tyrosine kinases (cMET and EGFR) are important in lung cancer targeted therapy. We believe if we can use them as markers for clinicians to help decide the diagnosis of lung cancer. This parameter will be important in serum samples of patients with lung cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Silencing Sensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells to Enzalutamide-mediated Androgen Receptor Blockade.

Background/aim: Prostate cancer (PCa) is an androgen-dependent disease. Novel anti-androgens (i.e.

Accumulation of in exosomes is a marker of apoptosis induction.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulatory molecules in many fundamental cellular processes and their deregulation is assumed to contribute to carcinogenesis. Exosomal lncRNAs are thought to be involved in the dissemination of cell signals to control local cellular microenvironments. In the current study, exosomal expression of growth arrest specific 5 (), an inhibitor of cell proliferation and promoter of apoptosis, was evaluated in apoptotic processes initiated by different mechanisms.

Do circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) (LincRNA-p21, GAS 5, HOTAIR) predict the treatment response in patients with head and neck cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy?

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to be aberrantly expressed in head and neck cancer (HNC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate plasma levels of three lncRNA molecules (lincRNA-p21, GAS5, and HOTAIR) in the treatment response in HNC patients treated with radical chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Forty-one patients with HNC were enrolled in the study.

Global quantification of heterochromatin-associated histone methylations in cell lines with differential sensitivity to ionizing radiation.

Histone modifications are involved in the DNA damage response (DDR). Here, by utilizing an ELISA immunoassay we assessed the methylation at H3K9 (H3K9me2 and H3K9me3) in two cell lines with differential sensitivity to radiation-induced apoptosis, HeLa (sensitive) and MCF-7 (resistant). We found that DNA damage induction by γ-irradiation leads to considerable accumulation (up to 5-fold) of H3K9me2 and H3K9me3, but not of H4K20me3 (control modification) in MCF-7 cells (p<0.

Exosomal lncRNA-p21 levels may help to distinguish prostate cancer from benign disease.

Exosomes are membranous vesicles containing various biomolecules including lncRNAs which are involved in cellular communication and are secreted from many cells including cancer cells. In our study, investigated the exosomal GAS5 and lincRNA-p21 lncRNA levels in urine samples from 30 patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and 49 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Quantification of lncRNA molecules was performed by real-time PCR.

Assessment of circulating serum DNA integrity in colorectal cancer patients.

Unlabelled: Background /Aim: Studies evaluating the integrity of cell-fee DNA (cfDNA) in colorectal cancer (CRC) have led to inconsistent results. Herein, we analyzed the utility of two different DNA integrity indexes (ACTB(384)/ACTB(106) and ALU(247)/ALU(115)) to assess cfDNA fragmentation in Turkish CRC patients. The correlation of circulating nucleosomes (cNUC) with the fragment sizes was also evaluated.

Long non-coding RNAs with low expression levels in cells are enriched in secreted exosomes.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in regulating chromatin modifications, gene transcription, mRNA translation, and protein function. We recently reported a high variation in the basal expression levels of a panel of lncRNAs in HeLa and MCF-7 cells and their differential response to DNA damage induction. Here, we hypothesized that lncRNA molecules with different cellular expression may have a differential abundance in secreted exosomes, and their exosome levels would reflect cellular response to DNA damage.

Investigation of circulating lncRNAs in B-cell neoplasms.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) which are longer than 200 base pairs in length, play an important role in cellular machinery. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are neoplasms of B-cells. In our study we aimed to investigate circulating lncRNA levels of CLL and MM patients.

Induction of p53-inducible microRNA miR-34 by gamma radiation and bleomycin are different.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules in their mature form and master regulators of gene expression. Recent work has shown that miRNAs are involved in the p53 network. Of the various miRNAs, miR-34 is regulated by the p53 protein.

Correlation of histone methyl marks with circulating nucleosomes in blood plasma of cancer patients.

Circulating DNA is present in plasma/serum, mainly complexed with histones as nucleosomes. The detection of circulating nucleosomes (cNUCs) in the peripheral blood may be a diagnostic modality for cancer-associated changes of modified histone tails in blood circulation. In the present study, we investigated the correlation between the trimethylation of H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) and H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me3), which are hallmarks of pericentric heterochromatin, and cNUCs in healthy subjects and patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and multiple myeloma (MM).

Differential expression of long non-coding RNAs during genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis in HeLa and MCF-7 cells.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as new players in cancer as they are implicated in diverse biological processes and aberrantly expressed in a variety of human cancers. No data are available on their function under genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis. In this work, we assessed the behavior of some candidate lncRNAs (HOTAIR, MALAT1, TUG1, lincRNA-p21, GAS5, MEG3, PANDA, UCA1, ANRIL, and CCND1) during DNA damage-induced cell death in HeLa and caspase-3-deficient MCF-7 cells using bleomycin (BLM) and γ-radiation to induce DNA damage.