Evaluation of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. This prospective study was planned to evaluate these changes through brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) latency abnormalities and otoacoustic emissions (OAE). This study was performed between September 2009 and May 2010.

Larynx, hypopharynx and mandible injury due to external penetrating neck injury.

Esophageal and laryngeal injuries due to ballistic injuries are seldom encountered. Ballistic external neck traumas generally result in death. Incidence of external penetrant neck injuries may vary between 1/5000-137000 patients among emergency service referrals.