Impact of Temperature Optimization of ITO Thin Film on Tandem Solar Cell Efficiency.

This study examined the impact of temperature optimization on indium tin oxide (ITO) films in monolithic HJT/perovskite tandem solar cells. ITO films were deposited using magnetron sputtering at temperatures ranging from room temperature (25 °C) to 250 °C. The sputtering target was ITO, with a mass ratio of InO to SnO of 90% to 10%.

Relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis: A retrospective study on 3424 subjects.

Background: The extent of the association between vitamin D deficiency and knee osteoarthritis remains inadequately understood.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between vitamin D levels and knee osteoarthritis through a cross-sectional analysis.

Methods: This retrospective study involved an analysis of knee radiographs and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-(OH) vitamin D3) levels in a cohort of 3424 individuals (2901 women and 523 men).