Five-Year Outcome and Safety in Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapies for Urothelial Carcinoma: Experience From Real-World Clinical Practice.

Background: In this study, we report real-world results from the 5-year follow-up data of urothelial carcinoma patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade therapies (ICTs).

Patients And Methods: Metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients treated with at least one course of ICT were included in the study. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR), and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), duration of treatment with ICT, and safety.

Relationship between survival outcomes and microsatellite instability, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and programmed cell death ligand-1 expression in patients with bladder cancer and radical cystectomy.

Purpose: Platin-based chemotherapies are first-line treatment methods after surgery in bladder cancer. Recently, novel immunotherapies emerged after platin-based regimens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression which are used as predictive biomarkers in immunotherapy.

Retrospective Analysis of Survival in Patients with Brain Metastases from an Unknown Primary Tumor.

Aim: To evaluate the patients with brain metastases from unknown primary (BMUP) cancers, and to analyze the prognostic factors and survival rates.

Material And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study with 110 patients (mean age: 62.8 years [range 23?90], n=85- 77.

Atezolizumab in Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Who Have Progressed After First-line Chemotherapy: Results of Real-life Experiences.

Background: Atezolizumab (ATZ) has demonstrated antitumor activity and manageable safety in previous studies in patients with locally advanced or metastatic platinum-resistant urothelial carcinoma.

Objective: To compare the real-life experience and data of clinical trials on ATZ treatment in metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Patients with urothelial cancer treated with ATZ after progression on first-line chemotherapy from an expanded access program were retrospectively studied.

The effect of PD-L1 status on survival outcomes in patients with stage II-III non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy.

Purpose: There are conflicting results in the literature about the relationship between PD-1/PD-L1 expression and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between NSCLC patients' clinicopathologic characteristics and PD-1/PD-L1 expression.

Methods: Pathology specimens of eligible stage II-III NSCLC patients were immunohistochemically stained with PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies.

PTEN loss is a predictive marker for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab-based therapies.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the response to trastuzumab in breast cancer patients in terms of the potential roles of several oncogenic pathways (phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)) in relation to HER2 status.

Methods: Paraffin-embedded primary tumor tissues of 100 HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer patients who received trastuzumab were analyzed with immunohistochemistry for p85 (PI3K) and PTEN. The relationship between variables was tested via chi-square, Fischer's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test, where appropriate.

Safe use of nivolumab in a patient with renal cell carcinoma and hepatitis B.

Introduction: Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors gains a major role in bladder cancer. Because of the treatment's immune modulatory effects, patients may develop hepatitis. Hepatitis B was an exclusion criterion in clinical trials that investigated nivolumab.

Clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis and survival outcome of gastric cancer in young patients: A large cohort retrospective study.

Purpose: To investigate the survival outcome of patients with gastric cancer ≤40 years of age and to compare them to older patients with gastric cancer.

Methods: The study included gastric cancer patients treated between1990 and 2014. Patient demographics, tumor histopathological characteristics and outcome were registered.

Hepatitis D reactivation in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving sunitinib therapy.

Background: Cytotoxic and immunosuppressive therapies for cancer treatment may allow hepatitis reactivation. Hepatitis due to viral hepatitis reactivation is detected in 14%-25% of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive cancer patients undergoing anticancer treatments. Drug toxicity may be confused with hepatitis reactivation, which may cause a delay in diagnosis.

Hepatitis B Reactivation Rate Is Higher Undergoing Some Cytotoxic Chemotherapy in Patients with Solid Tumors: A Large Retrospective Study.

Objective: The reactivation rate of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in cancer patients and chemotherapy regimens thought to be associated with hepatitis reactivation were investigated.

Patients And Methods: In all, 3,890 cancer patients were included in this study. Mortality rates, chemotherapy regimens, cancer types, number of positive hepatitis serology and reactivation rates were obtained.

Late relapse of testicular cancer: Recurrence after 24 years and treatment with chemotherapy alone.

Late relapse of testicular cancer, defined as >2 years interval between initial treatment and recurrence, is a rare disease with the incidence rate of 2.6%. Due to its chemoresistant features, treatment options of late relapses are controversial while surgical approach and cisplatin-based chemotherapies can be considered.

Cancer pain prevalence and its management.

Pain is a public health problem affecting more than half of cancer patients. Despite the success of the protocols currently used, pain cannot still be reduced satisfactorily in the large majority of patients. In order to improve pain management, all healthcare professionals involved with pain should have sufficient knowledge on pain assessment and treatment, and should inform patients to prevent patient-related barriers.

Severe liver dysfunction and safe use of 5-fluorouracil leucovorin and oxaliplatin in one patient with metastatic colorectal carcinoma.

The liver is the most frequent site of metastases in colorectal cancer. Commonly used anticancer drugs in colorectal cancer are 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin have very few numbers of studies that support their safety in hepatic dysfunction, but pharmacokinetic studies of anticancer drugs focused on the single-agents; however, there is lack of data about drug combinations such as 5-fluorouracil leucovorin and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) and 5-fluorourocil, leucovorin and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) regimens. We demonstrated one patient with colorectal cancer and severe liver dysfunction secondary to hepatic metastases.

P95 HER2 fragments and breast cancer outcome.

HER2 is a 185-kDa transmembrane oncoprotein encoded by the HER2 gene. It is located on chromosome 17q21 and is overexpressed in approximately 15% of invasive breast cancers. In addition, it is a poor prognostic factor for survival and disease progression.

PET-CT changes the management and improves outcome in patients with recurrent colorectal cancer.

Background: The present study aims to analyze the impact of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) on management change in patients with suspected or proven colorectal cancer recurrence, and to assess the effect of this management change on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 122 patients with suspected potentially resectable recurrent colorectal cancer who underwent PET/CT scan. We determined management plans for these patients before and after the PET/CT examination.

Gastric cancer: a case study in Turkey.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine age-specific incidence ratios, gastric cancer localization trend, histologic subtype and cancer related survival that whether have changed during the period from 1999 to 2010.

Materials And Methods: A total of 866 gastric cancer patients treated at the hospital were retrospectively evaluated. Categorical and continuous variables were summarized using descriptive statistics and were compared using the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-tests, respectively.

Herbal administration and interaction of cancer treatment.

The widespread impact of cancer worldwide and noncurative treatment methods despite all developments drive patients towards investigating and using nonconventional treatment methods. Herbs, which have an important role in complementary and alternative medicine practices, may cause unfavorable results when used especially with chemotherapeutics in cancer patients due to the substances they contain and due to the properties of some, which still cannot be clarified. Further overshadowing the success of the treatments, patients do not talk about these issues with their doctors and physicians are unable to comprehend these properties of herbs.

Analysis of PTEN, BRAF and PI3K status for determination of benefit from cetuximab therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer patients refractory to chemotherapy with wild-type KRAS.

We investigated predictive values of BRAF, PI3K and PTEN in cetuximab responses in KRAS wild-type (+) chemotherapy refractory, metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Primary tumour tissues of 41 KRAS wild-type mCRC patients receiving cetuximab-based chemotherapy were investigated for PI3K, PTEN, KRAS and BRAF mutations. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) periods were calculated with Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model was used.

Isolated uterine metastasis of invasive ductal carcinoma.

Introduction. Most common metastasis sites of breast cancer are the lungs, bones, liver, and brain, whereas uterine involvement by metastatic breast disease is rare. Metastatic carcinoma of the uterus usually originates from other genital sites, most commonly being from the ovaries.

A Case of Complete Response to Letrozol Treatment in a Postmenopausal Woman With Breast Cancer Who has Progressed After Multiple Lines of Chemotherapy.

Approximately 60% of all breast cancers are endocrine dependent. Postmenopausal patients who have positive hormone receptor status are eligible for aromatase inhibitor treatment. Letrozole is a potent, selective, non-steroidal, third-generation aromatase inhibitor which reduces oestrogen biosynthesis approximately 99% at the dose of 2.

Malignant clinical presentation of a benign granular cell tumor of breast in a patient with previously treated contralateral invasive ductal carcinoma.

GCT is a rare neoplasm and usually shows the benign character. GCT can occur in any body site and may be multifocal. The most common involved site is tongue which accounts for nearly 30% of all cases but skin and subcutaneous tissue are also affected frequently.