Prognostic impact of angiogenesis in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer as defined by microvessel density after immunohistochemical staining for CD34.

Bladder cancer is the second most common malignancy of the urogenital region. The majority of bladder cancer deaths occur as a consequence of metastatic disease. Microvessel density (MVD), a surrogate marker for angiogenesis, has been shown to be predictive of progression and poor prognosis.