Design and Synthesis of Acyclic Boronic Acid Arginase Inhibitors.

Arginase has long been a target of interest in immuno-oncology, but discovering an orally bioavailable inhibitor is severely constrained by the requisite boronic acid pharmacophore. We began our drug discovery campaign by building off the β-position of the literature inhibitor ABH (). A divergent synthesis with an Ireland-Claisen rearrangement as the key step allowed access to numerous compounds, some of which we crystallized in the active site of arginase 2.

Reducing outpatient gastrostomy tube complications.

Objective: To monitor the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary education protocol for gastrostomy tube (GT) use and care for patients to reduce complications postplacement.

Methods: Baseline assessment included a preintervention/intervention design through quantitative measures to determine reduction in the number of GT complications postprocedure following implementation of a patient education protocol for 16 patients in the study.

Intervention: A multidisciplinary approach was used in protocol development for standardizing patient education.

Effect of Ar(3p4p; 2p)+M → Ar(3p4s; 1s)+M branching ratio on optically pumped rare gas laser performance.

Optically pumped rare gas laser performance is analyzed as a function of the Ar(3p4p; 2p) + M → Ar(3p4s; 1s) + M branching ratios. Due to the uncertainty in the branching ratios, a sensitivity study is performed to determine the effect on output and absorbed pump laser intensities. The analysis is performed using a radio frequency dielectric barrier discharge as the source of metastable production for a variety of Argon in Helium mixtures over pressures ranging from 200 to 500 Torr.

MITIGATING COGNITIVE BIASES IN RISK IDENTIFICATION: Practitioner Checklist for the AEROSPACE SECTOR.

This research contributes an operational checklist for mitigating cognitive biases in the aerospace sector risk management process. The includes steps for grounding the risk identification and evaluation activities in past project experiences through historical data, and emphasizes the importance of incorporating multiple methods and perspectives to guard against optimism and a singular project instantiation-focused view. The authors developed a survey to elicit subject matter expert judgment on the value of the checklist to support its use in government and industry as a risk management tool.

Risk Factors for Rehospitalization Within 90 Days in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses a significant burden to the health-care system. Repeat hospitalization in subgroups of IBD patients seems to be a large part of this issue; however, there are limited data examining the characteristics of these patients. The aim of this study was to characterize admission patterns in patients with IBD at a tertiary-care center and to identify preventable risk factors of 90-day readmission after an index IBD admission.

Invited review: A commentary on predictive cheese yield formulas.

Predictive cheese yield formulas have evolved from one based only on casein and fat in 1895. Refinements have included moisture and salt in cheese and whey solids as separate factors, paracasein instead of casein, and exclusion of whey solids from moisture associated with cheese protein. The General, Barbano, and Van Slyke formulas were tested critically using yield and composition of milk, whey, and cheese from 22 vats of Cheddar cheese.

Expanding insurance coverage through tax credits, consumer choice, and market enhancements: the American Medical Association proposal for health insurance reform.

Recent reports showing an increase in the number of uninsured individuals in the United States have given heightened attention to increasing health insurance coverage. The American Medical Association (AMA) has proposed a system of tax credits for the purchase of individually owned health insurance and enhancements to individual and group health insurance markets as a means of expanding coverage. Individually owned insurance would enable people to maintain coverage without disruption to existing patient-physician relationships, regardless of changes in employers or in work status.

Transfer of protein from milk to cheese.

This report concerns measurement of paracasein in milk and transfer of protein from milk to cheese. In the main experiment, two vats of Cheddar cheese were made from each of 11 lots of milk from one large herd over a period of 7 mo. Exclusion of solutes from moisture in paracasein micelles in milk and cheese was central to estimation of paracasein and to the transfer of protein from milk to cheese and whey.

Movement of moisture in refrigerated cheese samples transferred to room temperature.

When cheese samples refrigerated at 4 degrees C in 120 mL plastic tubs were transferred to room temperature at 23 degrees C, moisture began to move from the warmer surface to the cooler interior; the difference after 1 h was 0.2-0.4%.

Variations of moisture measurements in cheese.

Data were accumulated during interlaboratory trials for cheese moisture determination from laboratories using officially recognized methods: AOAC; International Dairy Federation, and Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products (SM). In one trial, ranges of means of 5 cheeses were 0.67, 0.

Current trends in physicians' practice arrangements. From owners to employees.

Objective: To examine current trends in practice organization among postresident patient care physicians in the United States.

Design And Setting: The American Medical Association's Socioeconomic Monitoring System (SMS), a series of periodic surveys of nationally representative samples of nonfederal postresident patient care physicians. Physicians were divided into 3 categories based on the organization of their main practice.

Physician response to patient insurance status in ambulatory care clinical decision-making. Implications for quality of care.

Objectives: Individuals without health insurance in general receive fewer health services and are more likely than insured patients to experience poor outcomes. The main goal of this research was to study whether physicians' clinical recommendations vary for insured and uninsured patients, implying that physicians' choices of care may mediate insurance-related differences in health care use.

Methods: The authors designed clinical scenarios that describe routine decisions encountered by primary care physicians in ambulatory settings.

Factors Influencing Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in Milk in a High-Temperature Short-Time Pasteurizer.

Heat resistance experiments were carried out with Listeria monocytogenes which had been grown at three different temperatures (30, 39, and 43°C). Heated whole milk was inoculated with L. monocytogenes and then passed through a high-temperature short-time system at 72, 69, 66, and 63°C for a minimum holding time of 16.

Thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in inoculated and naturally contaminated raw milk.

Raw whole milk inoculated with 10(5) CFU/ml of Listeria monocytogenes was thermally processed at 60-72 degrees C for a minimum holding time of 16.2 s with survival being observed at temperatures up to 67.5 degrees C.

Thermal inactivation of Campylobacter species, Yersinia enterocolitica, and hemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fluid milk.

Heat treatment of raw milk in an HTST pasteurizer operated at 60.0 to 72.0 degrees C for a minimum holding time of 16.

Thermal Inactivation of Salmonella Species in Fluid Milk .

The thermal resistance of Salmonella senftenberg 775W, Salmonella muenster previously isolated from raw fluid milk, and two mixtures each consisting of ten Salmonella strains commonly isolated from human or non-human sources was tested. Cells were suspended in whole milk at a final concentration of 10 cells/ml. The inoculated milk was thermally processed at temperatures ranging from 60°C to 74°C using a pilot-scale plate pasteurizer unit.

Effect of lipids in milk replacers on calf performance and lipids in blood plasma, liver, and perirenal fat.

Various fats (20% of dry matter) were fed in milk replacer to calves, from 3 to 31 d of age, to compare their effect on calf performance, feed efficiency, and lipids in blood plasma, liver, and perirenal fat. Dietary fats tested were tallow (control), canola oil, canola soapstocks, corn oil, reclaimed restaurant cooking fat, and a high phospholipid waste product. Corn oil plus tallow (1:1) diet promoted scours and poor calf gains, but canola oil diet, despite a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, gave excellent calf performance and feed utilization and no scours.

Influence of triglycerides and free fatty acids in milk replacers on calf performance, blood plasma, and adipose lipids.

In a 4-wk study of 48 3-day-old calves we compared effects of feeding various fats or their free fatty acids in skim milk-powder based milk replacer, on calf performance, feed utilization, and blood plasma and adipose lipids. When fat was fed, calf performance and feed utilization were equivalent for tallow and coconut oil diets but markedly poorer for corn oil. Complete replacement (tallow) or one-half replacement (coconut and corn oils) of the fats with their free fatty acids reduced calf gains and feed efficiency.

Digestion of fat in calves fed milk replacers prepared by homogenization of low-pressure dispersion.

High-fat (40% of dry matter) milk replacers were fed to calves from 3 to 14 days of age to determine the effect of fat dispersion method on abomasal retention of dietary fat and crude protein and on digestion of fat in upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Relative to homogenization, low pressure dispersion of fat into milk replacer resulted in a) much larger rennet clots in the abomasum, b) increased abomasal retention of dietary triglycerides and crude protein, and c) increased triglyceride hydrolysis in the abomasum, duodenum, and upper jejunum at 4 h after feeding. When high-fat diet was fed to postnatal calves, formation of large firm clots was beneficial for promoting a slower release of fat and protein into the duodenum, and digestion of fat was improved in the gastrointestinal tract.