Sugar, fat, and the risk of colorectal cancer.

The habitual diet of 50 patients with large bowel cancer, as assessed by a dietary history method, was compared with that of 50 closely matched controls. Patients were included only if their symptoms were unlikely to have changed previous eating habits. The mean daily intakes of all major nutrient classes and of dietary fibre were estimated.

The relationship between the pulmonary distribution of inhaled fine aerosols and tests of small airway function.

Gamma-camera lung images obtained after aerosol inhalation (2.2 micron mean aerodynamic diameter) were compared with those obtained during inhalation of krypton-81m gas. The penetration of the aerosol to the periphery of the lung appeared in both smokers and nonsmokers to be similar to the penetration of krypton-81m.

Effects of dietary sucrose on factors influencing cholesterol gall stone formation.

Twelve subjects with radiolucent gall stones and bile supersaturated with cholesterol were studied after six weeks each on diets which contained 112 g and 16 g respectively of refined (fibre depleted) sucrose but which allowed free access to other foods. Energy intake was 24.5% higher on the high sugar diet and body weight ended 1.

Not just fibre--the nutritional consequences of refined carbohydrate foods.

The dietary intake of 28 volunteers was assessed over two 6-week periods while they ate, alternately, a diet containing refined carbohydrate foods in commonly consumed amounts and a diet virtually devoid of such foods. The following nutritional effects of refined foods were observed: increased energy intake (except in low consumers of sugar), decreased intake of dietary fibre, and decreased intake of nearly all the vitamins and minerals recorded in tables of food composition. These effects may have harmful consequences.

Diet and gall stones: effects of refined and unrefined carbohydrate diets on bile cholesterol saturation and bile acid metabolism.

It has been suggested that consumption of refined carbohydrate foods (notably sugar and white flour) increases bile cholesterol saturation and hence the risk of cholesterol gall stone formation. To test this hypothesis, 13 subjects with probable cholesterol gall stones ate refined and unrefined carbohydrate diets, each for six weeks in random order. On the refined carbohydrate diet, subjects ate more refined sugar (mean = SEM: 106 +/- 7 vs 6 +/- 1 g/day, p less than 0.

The preparation of dry, monodisperse microspheres of [99mTc]albumin for lung ventilation imaging.

2 micron microspheres of albumin were prepared and labelled with 99mTc according to published methods. However, when the labelling technique was repeated without the inclusion of microspheres, apparent labelling, which was attributed to the formation of a 99mTc tin colloid, was still observed. It was not possible to identify 99mTc tin colloid in the presence of 99mTc microspheres.

Effective penetration of the lung periphery using radioactive aerosols: concise communication.

Radioactive microspheres could offer several advantages over gases in the investigation of pulmonary ventilation. Monodisperse microspheres of human serum albumin have been produced using a spinning-disc generator, and kits were prepared for subsequent labelling with technetium-99m. The average labeling efficiency was 88% and unlabeled Tc-99m was removed before aerosol delivery.

Treatment of Crohn's disease with an unrefined-carbohydrate, fibre-rich diet.

Thirty-two patients with Crohn's disease were treated with a fibre-rich, unrefined-carbohydrate diet in addition to conventional management and followed for a mean of four years and four months. Their clinical course was compared retrospectively with that of 32 matched patients who had received no dietary instruction. Hospital admissions were significantly fewer and shorter in the diet-treated patients, who spent a total of 111 days in hospital compared with 533 days in the non-diet-treated control group.

Diet and Crohn's disease: characteristics of the pre-illness diet.

Thirty newly diagnosed patients with Crohn's disease were interviewed about their habitual, pre-illness diet and compared with 30 healthy controls, matched for age, sex, social class, and marital status. The patients ate substantially more refined sugar, slightly less dietary fibre, and considerably less raw fruit and vegetables than the controls. A diet high in refined sugar and low in raw fruit and vegetables precedes and may favour the development of Crohn's disease.