The efficacy of psychological interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in incarcerated forensic populations: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: Given the high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in incarcerated forensic populations, this meta-analysis estimated the efficacy of interventions in this field and explored predictors of intervention outcomes.

Method: Twelve randomized controlled trials of psychological interventions for PTSD symptoms in incarcerated forensic populations were included. A combined Hedges's g effect size was synthesized, quality assessments and risk of bias analyses were performed, and publication bias was assessed.

Convergence of real-time and retrospective assessments: A systematic investigation of naturally occurring and experimentally induced intrusions.

Background And Objectives: Ecological momentary assessment is a popular method for monitoring symptoms in real-time. Especially for fleeting experiences, such as intrusions, real-time assessments may be more accurate than retrospective estimates. However, there are concerns regarding reactivity effects associated with real-time assessments and, conversely, the reliance on bias-prone retrospective assessments in clinical science and practice.

Non-fear emotions in changes in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms during treatment.

Background And Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is not only associated with fear but also with other emotions. The present study aimed to examine if changes in shame, guilt, anger, and disgust predicted changes in PTSD symptoms during treatment, while also testing if PTSD symptoms, in turn, predicted changes in these emotions.

Methods: Participants (N = 155) with childhood-related PTSD received a maximum of 12 sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing or imagery rescripting.

The working mechanisms of imagery rescripting and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Findings from a randomised controlled trial.

We studied the mechanisms of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and imagery rescripting (ImRs). We hypothesized that EMDR works via changes in memory vividness, that ImRs works via changes in encapsulated beliefs (EB), and that both treatments work via changes in memory distress. Patients (N = 155) with childhood-related posttraumatic stress disorder (Ch-PTSD) received 12 sessions of EMDR or ImRs.

Childhood maltreatment and adulthood victimization: An evidence-based model.

There is ample evidence showing that childhood maltreatment increases two to three fold the risk of victimization in adulthood. Various risk factors, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, dissociation, self-blame, and alcohol abuse are related to revictimization. Although previous research examined associations between risk factors for revictimization, the evidence is limited and the proposed models mostly include a handful of risk factors.

A systematic research review of collaborative assessment methods.

Collaborative assessment methods (CAMs) involve working with clients during all phases of the assessment process, from goal definition to interpretation of the testing results to the recommendations and conclusions. In this article, we define CAMs, provide clinical examples, and then meta-analyze the published literature to assess their effectiveness on distal treatment outcomes. Our meta-analytic results indicate that CAMs have positive effects on three outcome domains: a moderate effect on treatment processes, a small-to-moderate effect on personal growth, and a small effect on symptom reduction.

Dropout from psychological treatment for borderline personality disorder: a multilevel survival meta-analysis.

Background: Dropout from psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a notorious problem. We investigated whether treatment, treatment format, treatment setting, substance use exclusion criteria, proportion males, mean age, country, and other variables influenced dropout.

Methods: From Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, Psycinfo and other sources, 111 studies (159 treatment arms, = 9100) of psychotherapy for non-forensic adult patients with BPD were included.

Serum neurofilament light as a biomarker of vulnerability to a second mild traumatic brain injury.

A second mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) sustained prior to neuropathological recovery can lead to exacerbated effects. Without objective indicators of this neuropathology, individuals may return to activities at risk of mTBI when their brain is still vulnerable. With axonal injury recognized as a neuropathological hallmark of mTBI, we hypothesized that serum levels of neurofilament light (NfL), a highly sensitive biomarker of axonal injury, may be predictive of vulnerability to worse outcomes in the event of a second mTBI.

Direct and Indirect Exposure to Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, and Poor Subjective Sleep Quality in Patients with Substance Use Disorder.

Background: Despite the frequent co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder, screening for trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms is not a routine practice in substance use disorder clinics. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of exposure to traumatic events, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and subjective sleep quality in substance use disorder inpatients after detoxification. In addition, we analyzed associations of sociodemographics, direct and indirect exposure to traumatic events, and sleep quality with posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity.

Psychedelic Microdosing, Mindfulness, and Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Study.

While anecdotal reports claim that psychedelic microdosing reduces anxiety and mood symptoms, evidence supporting these claims is scarce. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between microdosing and trait anxiety. Furthermore, it was investigated if trait mindfulness mediated this association.

Effectiveness of Psychological Treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder and Predictors of Treatment Outcomes: A Multivariate Multilevel Meta-Analysis of Data from All Design Types.

We examined the effectiveness of psychotherapies for adult Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in a multilevel meta-analysis, including all trial types (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020111351). We tested several predictors, including trial- and outcome type (continuous or dichotomous), setting, BPD symptom domain and mean age. We included 87 studies (N = 5881) from searches between 2013 and 2019 in four databases.

The impact of childhood maltreatment on the severity of childhood-related posttraumatic stress disorder in adults.

Background: Childhood maltreatment is relatively common and is related to a range of negative consequences, such as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). There are indications that various maltreatment types are related to PTSD severity, although not all types, such as emotional abuse, meet the PTSD Criterion-A.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between 5 types of childhood maltreatment (i.

Comparative efficacy of imagery rehearsal therapy and prazosin in the treatment of trauma-related nightmares in adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Pharmacological treatment with prazosin and psychological treatment with imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) are the two main treatments of posttraumatic nightmares. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine task force recently listed IRT as the recommended treatment for trauma-related nightmares and changed the recommendation of prazosin to 'may be used'. This new recommendation was based on a single prazosin trial and not on a meta-analytic review of all available trials.

The efficacy of a single imaginal exposure-writing assignment in reducing posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms: A pilot study.

Objective: This online study examined the effects of a single imaginal exposure-writing assignment on posttraumatic stress (PTS) and comorbid depressive symptoms.

Method: Forty-six participants with PTS were allocated to either a single imaginal exposure-writing assignment, a nontrauma writing assignment, or to a nonwriting control condition, and were reassessed 2 and 5 weeks after baseline. Of the 49 participants, 36 were female, with an average age of 23.

[ROM in mental health care: treatment outcomes of both generic and disorder specific instruments in patients with anxiety disorders; a cohort study].

In routine outcome monitoring (rom) generic instruments are often used to measure outcomes. This could hamper the clinical use of these instruments and lead to a possible underestimation of treatment outcomes.
AIM: To examine whether there are differences in the degree of progress between outcomes of disorder specific instruments measuring anxiety symptoms and the Symptomatic Distress subscale of the Outcome Questionnaire-45 (oq-45-sd).

Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Mobile Application: a Randomized Waiting-List Controlled Trial.

Although several hundreds of apps are available that (cl)aim to promote mindfulness, only a few methodologically sound studies have evaluated the efficacy of these apps. This randomized waiting-list controlled trial therefore tested the hypothesis that one such app (the ) can achieve immediate and long-term improvements of mindfulness, quality of life, general psychiatric symptoms, and self-actualization. One hundred ninety-one experimental participants received the VGZ Mindfulness Coach, which offers 40 mindfulness exercises and background information about mindfulness without any form of therapeutic guidance.

Paint it Black: Using Change-Point Analysis to Investigate Increasing Vulnerability to Depression towards the End of Vincent van Gogh's Life.

This study investigated whether Vincent van Gogh became increasingly self-focused-and thus vulnerable to depression-towards the end of his life, through a quantitative analysis of his written pronoun use over time. A change-point analysis was conducted on the time series formed by the pronoun use in Van Gogh's letters. We used time as a predictor to see whether there was evidence for increased self-focus towards the end of Van Gogh's life, and we compared this to the pattern in the letters written before his move to Arles.

New avenues for treating emotional memory disorders: towards a reconsolidation intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder.

The discovery that fear memories may change upon retrieval, a process referred to as memory reconsolidation, opened avenues to develop a revolutionary new treatment for emotional memory disorders. Reconsolidation is a two-phase process in which retrieval of a memory initiates a transient period of memory destabilization, followed by a protein synthesis-dependent restabilization phase. This reconsolidation window offers unique opportunities for amnesic agents to interfere with the process of memory restabilization, thereby weakening or even erasing the emotional expression from specific fear memories.

Blended internet care for patients with severe mental illnesses: An open label prospective controlled cohort pilot study.

Introduction: This paper reports first experiences while providing blended (combined face-to-face and internet-based) flexible assertive community treatment (FACT) to outpatients with severe mental illnesses (SMI). The aim was to compare treatment satisfaction, clinical outcome and quality of life in the short term (3 months) of patients receiving blended FACT with those receiving conventional FACT.

Method: This pilot study was designed as an open label prospective controlled cohort study.

Traumatic events and trauma-related psychopathology in former drug cartel soldiers in Rio de Janeiro: A pilot study.

This pilot study investigated the occurrence of traumatic events and trauma-related psychopathology in former drug cartel soldiers (FDCS) in Rio de Janeiro. Furthermore, the authors examined the relationship between the number of traumatic events and symptom severity, and compared symptom severity in perpetrators versus victims of traumatic events. They found high exposure rates to traumatic events, with 83.

Comparison of DSM-IV and proposed ICD-11 formulations of PTSD among civilian survivors of war and war veterans.

The World Health Organization recently proposed a reformulation of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for the 11(th) edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), employing only 6 symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of this reformulation of PTSD as compared to criteria according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) on the prevalence of current PTSD as well as comorbid major depressive episode and anxiety disorders other than PTSD.

The efficacy of metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression: a meta-analytic review.

Background: Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a relatively new approach to treating mental disorders. The aim of the current meta-analysis was to examine the efficacy of MCT in patients with mental disorders.

Method: A comprehensive literature search revealed 16 published as well as unpublished studies on the efficacy of MCT, of which nine were controlled trials.

Writing therapy for posttraumatic stress: a meta-analysis.

Background: Face-to-face psychological treatments have difficulty meeting today's growing mental health needs. For the highly prevalent posttraumatic stress (PTS) conditions, accumulating evidence suggests that writing therapy may constitute an efficient treatment modality, especially when administered through the Internet. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of writing therapies for PTS and comorbid depressive symptoms.