Diffuse low-grade glioma: What is the optimal linear measure to assess tumor growth?

Background: Radiological follow-up of diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGGs) growth is challenging. Approximative visual assessment still predominates over objective quantification due to the complexity of the pathology. The infiltrating character, diffuse borders and presence of surgical cavities demand LGG-based linear measurement rules to efficiently and precisely assess LGG evolution over time.

Safety and efficacy of transvenous embolization of cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistula in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

Background: Transvenous embolization is a recent treatment strategy for cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistulas (CSFVF), which are associated with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH).

Methods: Participants were selected from a prospective database on patients with CSFVF that received transvenous Onyx embolization. All patients underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after embolization with MRI follow-up performed at least 3 months after treatment.

Low levels of peripheral blood activated and senescent T cells characterize people with HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders.

Background: HIV infection induces a 75% increase in the risk of developing neurocognitive impairment (NCI), which has been linked to immune activation. We therefore looked for immune activation markers correlating with NCI.

Method: Sixty-five people aged 55-70 years living with controlled HIV-1 infection were enrolled in the study and their neurocognitive ability was assessed according to the Frascati criteria.

Evaluation of a nnU-Net type automated clinical volumetric tumor segmentation tool for diffuse low-grade glioma follow-up.

Background And Purpose: Diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGG) are characterized by a slow and continuous growth and always evolve towards an aggressive grade. Accurate prediction of the malignant transformation is essential as it requires immediate therapeutic intervention. One of its most precise predictors is the velocity of diameter expansion (VDE).

Impact of multidomain preventive strategies on functional brain connectivity in older adults with cognitive complaint: Subset from the Montpellier center of the ancillary MAPT-MRI study.

Introduction: The impact of multi-domain preventive interventions on older adults, in particular on those with higher risk to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD), could be beneficial, as it may delay cognitive decline. However, the precise mechanism of such positive impact is not fully understood and may involve brain reserve and adaptability of brain functional connectivity (FC).

Methods: To determine the effect of multidomain interventions (involving physical activity, cognitive training, nutritional counseling alone or in combination with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and vs.

Effects of preventive interventions on neuroimaging biomarkers in subjects at-risk to develop Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a multifactorial and complex neurodegenerative disorder. Some modifiable risk factors have been associated with an increased risk of appearance of the disease and/or cognitive decline. Preventive clinical trials aiming at reducing one or combined risk factors have been implemented and their potential effects assessed on cognitive trajectories and on AD biomarkers.

Precuneal gliomas promote behaviorally relevant remodeling of the functional connectome.

Objective: The precuneus hosts one of the most complex patterns of functional connectivity in the human brain. However, due to the extreme rarity of neurological lesions specifically targeting this structure, it remains unknown how focal damage to the precuneus may impact resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) at the brainwide level. The aim of this study was to investigate glioma-induced rsFC modulations and to identify patterns of rsFC remodeling that accounted for the maintenance of cognitive performance after awake-guided surgical excision.

Glucometabolic Changes Are Associated with Structural Gray Matter Alterations in Prodromal Dementia.

Background: Glucometabolic changes, such as high glycemic load (GL) diet and insulin resistance (IR), are potential risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, the effect of these factors on brain alterations that contribute to AD pathology has not been clearly demonstrated.

Objective: We aimed to assess the relationship of GL and IR with gray matter volumes involved in prodromal dementia.

Sulcal morphology as cognitive decline predictor in older adults with memory complaints.

To determine whether sulcal morphology can predict changes in cognition, we investigated the relationship between width of 20 cerebral sulci and cognitive decline. Sulcal width was measured in T1-weighted MRI images at baseline in 433 adults aged ≥70 years with memory complaints from the MRI-Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial study. Cognition was evaluated at baseline, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up with a composite Z score.

Task- and Rest-based Functional Brain Connectivity in Food-related Reward Processes among Healthy Adolescents.

It is known that the nucleus accumbens, orbitofrontal cortex and insula play a role in food-related reward processes. Although their interconnectedness would be an ideal topic for understanding food intake mechanisms, it nevertheless remains unclear especially in adolescent. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of hunger on functional connectivity in healthy adolescents using task- and rest-based imaging.

Cerebral Vasoreactivity as an Indirect MRI Marker of White Matter Tracts Alterations in Multiple Sclerosis.

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) show a diffuse cerebral perfusion decrease, presumably related to multiple metabolism and vascular alterations. It is assumed that white matter fiber alterations cause a localized cerebral vasoreactivity (CVR) disruption through astrocytes metabolism alteration, leading to hypoperfusion. We proposed to (1) evaluate the CVR disruptions in MS, (2) in relation to white matter lesions and (3) compare CVR disruptions maps with standard imaging biomarkers.

DWI cerebellar infarct volume as predictor of outcomes after endovascular treatment of acute basilar artery occlusion.

Background: Preprocedural predictors of outcome in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (ABAO) who have undergone endovascular treatment (EVT) remain controversial. Our aim was to determine if pre-EVT diffusion-weighted imaging cerebellar infarct volume (CIV) is a predictor of 90-day outcomes.

Methods: We analyzed consecutive MRI-selected endovascularly treated patients with ABAO within the first 24 hours after symptom onset.

Serum GFAP in multiple sclerosis: correlation with disease type and MRI markers of disease severity.

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) has been demonstrated to correlate with multiple sclerosis disease severity as well as treatment response. Nevertheless, additional serum biomarkers are still needed to better differentiate disease activity from disease progression. The aim of our study was to assess serum glial fibrillary acid protein (s-GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (s-NfL) in a cohort of 129 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Quantitative assessment of near-infrared spectroscopy time course under hypercapnia using an a priori model-based fitting.

Background: Partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO) modulates cerebral blood flow through a vasoreactivity mechanism. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used to record these changes in cerebral hemodynamics. However, no laterality comparison of the NIRS signal has been performed despite being a prerequisite for the use of such a method in a vasoreactivity monitoring context.

Differential effects of hunger on cerebral blood flow in healthy adolescents.

Adolescence represents a key developmental period in terms of both mood and overweight and is linked to disturbed eating behavior. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the basis of food intake in healthy adolescents by considering mood impacts which remain largely unexplored. Hence this study aims to investigate the impact of hunger and mood on cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in healthy adolescents.

Rehabilitation of the upper arm early after stroke: Video games versus conventional rehabilitation. A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Few rehabilitation methods have proven their efficacy in increasing sensori-motor recovery and/or function of the upper limb (UL) after stroke. Video games (VGs) are promising tools in this indication.

Objective: To compare UL rehabilitation by using VGs and conventional rehabilitation (CR) in patients with sub-acute stroke.

Retinal vascular fractal dimension and cerebral blood flow, a pilot study.

Purpose: Ocular and brain microcirculation share embryological and histological similarities. The retinal vascular fractal dimension (FD) is a marker of retinal vascular complexity of the vascular tree. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF), retinal vascular FD and other retinal vascular markers.

Phase Contrast MRI Suggests an Internal Carotid Vascular Tone Alteration in Migraines.

Introduction: Migraine is the most common neurological disorder and the third most common disease worldwide. However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to its development are not completely understood. Symptoms may arise from a combination of dilation-independent vascular events and neurogenic mechanisms interacting throughout the brain and within the trigeminovascular system in the meninges MATERIALS AND METHOD:  We report here a case of a patient with a suspected familial hemiplegic migraine who presented an increased recurrence of events from one per month to one every other day.