Publications by authors named "Emmanuel Valdes-Alvarado"

Advances in melanoma research have unveiled critical insights into its genetic and molecular landscape, leading to significant therapeutic innovations. This review explores the intricate interplay between genetic alterations, such as mutations in , , and , and melanoma pathogenesis. The MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways are highlighted for their roles in tumor growth and resistance mechanisms.

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The incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is constantly increasing, becoming a significant health problem. CTLA-4 is a critical immune checkpoint, and it has been suggested that a variant of variable-number tandem repeat in the 3'-UTR of its gene, known as (AT)n, may be associated with a higher susceptibility to some cancers; however, little is known about genetic variants of the gene in NMSC. To establish the association of this genetic variant in the gene with the susceptibility of NMSC carcinogenesis in the Western Mexican population, samples from 150 BCC patients, 150 SCC patients, and 150 healthy individuals as the reference group (RG) were analyzed by endpoint PCR, followed by electrophoresis to genotype the samples.

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Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Here, we evaluated the role of IL10 promoter variants as markers for ACS susceptibility in Western Mexican patients as well as its association with IL10 mRNA and IL-10 plasma levels. Three promoter variants (- 1082 A > G, - 819 T > C and - 592 A > C) were analyzed in 300 ACS patients and 300 control group (CG) individuals.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Skin cancer is very common, with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) making up 20% of non-melanoma skin cancers, and a specific gene plays an important role in cancer development.
  • - A study involving 211 cSCC patients and 290 control group individuals examined gene variants through a technique called qPCR, but found no significant links between certain gene variants and cSCC risk.
  • - While some variants showed potential effects, this study suggests that larger groups are needed to better understand the impact of rare genetic variants on cSCC risk in the Mexican population.
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Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) represents about 80% of all cases of skin cancer. The PTCH1 is a transmembrane protein of the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway that regulates cell proliferation. Genetic variants in PTCH1 gene have been previously described in association with BCC development.

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Background: Some cytokines are strongly implicated in the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) such as the Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). The haplotype -794 (CATT) /-173G>C in MIF gene polymorphisms has been associated with some types of cancer. The aim of this study is to establish the possible association between the presence of this haplotype in the MIF gene and its subsequent soluble levels with the susceptibility of SCC in western Mexican population.

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Introduction: There is increasing evidence that immunohistochemical expression of p53, Ki-67, and Bcl-2 is associated with aggressive (aBCC) and less aggressive (nBCC) histological subtypes and may have a prognostic role.

Aim: To investigate the clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical expressions of p53, Ki-67, and Bcl-2 in cutaneous basal cell carcinoma focusing on histological subtypes. Their roles and possible interactions in the development and progression of BCC are discussed.

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Background: Atherosclerosis plays an important role in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). CD36 is a scavenger receptor involved in lipid metabolism. Some single-nucleotide variants in the non-coding region could indirectly alter the expression and the function of the protein.

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Skin cancer is one of the main types of cancer worldwide, and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most frequent within this group. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common types. Multifactorial features are well-known for cancer development, and new hallmarks are gaining relevance.

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Apolipoprotein B (APOB) is associated with the development of atherosclerosis and consequently in the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) physiopathology. Single number variants (SNVs) in apolipoprotein B gene (APOB) influence over the susceptibility for this syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the rs1469513, rs673548, rs676210, and rs1042034 SNVs and serum levels of APOB in the risk of ACS in a population from western Mexico.

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Background: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine capable of stimulating inflammatory cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase production from macrophages and synovial fibroblasts, which leads to persistent inflammation and bone degradation, two of the major pathological processes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of MIF promoter polymorphisms (-794CATT rs5844572 and -173G > C, rs755622), circulating MIF levels, and mRNA expression with RA susceptibility and disease activity.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 200 RA patients and 200 control subjects (CS) from Southern Mexico.

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Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease, where fibrin deposition and the impairment in its degradation have been shown to play an important role in the demyelination process. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease that enhances the conversion of plasminogen into its active form plasmin, the principal tPA inhibitor is the PAI-1. Several polymorphisms impact its gene expression and protein activity.

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Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can be triggered by the presence of inflammatory factors which promote the activation of immune cells by costimulatory molecules such as CD40 and its ligand CD40L. Environmental and genetic factors are involved in the etiology of the ACS. The aim of this study was to explore the gene and protein expression associated with and genetic variants in ACS patients from the western Mexican population.

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Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) describes any condition characterized by myocardial ischaemia and reduction in blood flow. The physiopathological process of ACS is the atherosclerosis where MIF operates as a major regulator of inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess the mRNA expression of MIF gene and its serum levels in the clinical manifestations of ACS and unrelated individuals age- and sex-matched with patients as the control group (CG).

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Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the leading cause of death in elderly patients worldwide. Due its participation in apoptosis, fibrosis, and angiogenesis, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) isoforms had been categorized as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, due their contradictory activities, a cardioprotective role has been suggested.

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Background: L-selectin gene (SELL) is a candidate gene for the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) that contributes to endothelial dysfunction. The -642C>T (rs2205849) and 725C>T (rs2229569) polymorphisms have been associated with changes in gene expression, ligand affinity and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the haplotypes constructed with the -642C>T and 725C>T polymorphisms of the SELL gene, the expression levels of its mRNA and the serum levels of soluble L-selectin with ACS.

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Introduction: Inflammation has gained a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that could be a potential biomarker in ACS due to its multiple functions. The rs1799964 TNFA polymorphism (-1031T>C) has been associated with a decrease in gene transcription and cytokine levels.

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Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has an important impact in public health with high morbidity and mortality. Prothrombotic and proinflammatory states are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the major inhibitor of the fibrinolysis and also is part of immune response.

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Introduction: The acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a complex disease where genetic and environmental factors are involved. E-selectin gene is a candidate for ACS progression due to its contribution in the inflammatory process and endothelial function. The rs5361 (561A>C) polymorphism in the E-selectin gene has been linked to changes in gene expression, affinity for its receptor, and plasmatic levels; therefore it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

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The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is related to the progression of atherosclerosis, which, in turn, is a key factor in the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). MIF has a CATT short tandem repeat (STR) at position -794 that might be involved in its expression rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the -794 (CATT)5-8  MIF gene polymorphism and susceptibility to ACS in a western Mexican population.

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