Estimation of two-year hospital costs of hip and knee periprosthetic joint infection treatments using activity-based costing.

Aims: Our aim was to estimate the total costs of all hospitalizations for treating periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) by main management strategy within 24 months post-diagnosis using activity-based costing. Additionally, we investigated the influence of individual PJI treatment pathways on hospital costs within the first 24 months.

Methods: Using admission and procedure data from a prospective observational cohort in Australia and New Zealand, Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups were assigned to each admitted patient episode of care for activity-based costing estimates of 273 hip PJI patients and 377 knee PJI patients.

Receipt of parenting, disability, unemployment, and other income support payments in persons aged 16 to 33 years - the associations with child maltreatment.

Background: Child maltreatment (CM) is a major public health concern with life-long effects. Its impact on income support has rarely been studied.

Objective: To examine the association between CM and receipt of income support payments and the budgetary impact for persons 16 to 33 years.

Cardiovascular Disease Events in Adults with a History of State Care in Childhood: Pooling of Unpublished Results from 9 Cohort Studies.

Background: Individuals who were separated from their biological family and placed into the care of the state during childhood (out-of-home care) are more prone to developing selected physical and mental health problems in adulthood, however, their risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is uncertain. Accordingly, we pooled published and unpublished results from cohort studies of childhood care and adult CVD.

Methods: We used two approaches to identifying relevant data on childhood care and adult CVD (PROSPERO registration CRD42021254665).

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in South Australia: The Magic Before the Fame.

Background: Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), which were previously only indicated in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), can markedly reduce heart failure hospitalisation (HFH), with less striking potential reductions in acute coronary syndromes and cardiac arrhythmias. To evaluate the impact of SGLT2i on cardiovascular outcomes in real-world practice, we performed a retrospective cohort analysis on South Australian (SA) data.

Methods: A total of 842 individuals with T2DM receiving SGLT2i were identified from SA public hospitals between 2011 and 2019.

Child protection system involvement in children of incarcerated mothers: A linked data study.

Background: Women prisoners are a growing portion of the prison population. Health and social outcomes of their children have been studied and found to be poor, but little is known about child protection outcomes.

Objectives: Ascertain child protection system contact of children exposed to maternal incarceration.

Excess hospital costs incurred by individuals with child abuse and neglect history in South Australia: A birth-cohort study.

Child abuse and neglect is a serious public health issue across the globe, with documented impacts on health, but the impact on hospital costs, at the population level, is unknown. We aimed to estimate the additional public hospital costs for emergency department visits and admitted patient hospitalizations, for persons with reported child protection concerns, from birth to 31 years and modelled to age 65. Using linked hospital data from 2003 to 2017 for a population birth-cohort of all individuals born in South Australia from 1986 to 2017, we estimated costs of public hospital care.

Cost effectiveness of a 1-hour high-sensitivity troponin-T protocol: An analysis of the RAPID-TnT trial.

Background: To understand the economic impact of an accelerated 0/1-hour high-sensitivity troponin-T (hs-cTnT) protocol.

Objective: To conduct a patient-level economic analysis of the RAPID-TnT randomised trial in patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods: An economic evaluation was conducted with 3265 patients randomised to either the 0/1-hour hs-cTnT protocol (n = 1634) or the conventional 0/3-hour standard-of-care protocol (n = 1631) with costs reported in Australian dollars.

Child maltreatment and emergency department visits: a longitudinal birth cohort study from infancy to early adulthood.

Background: Child maltreatment (CM) is a serious global public health issue, with documented impacts on health.

Objective: To examine the association between different levels of CM concern, and Emergency Department (ED) visits from infancy to early adulthood.

Participants And Setting: Individuals born in Adelaide, South Australia from January 1986 to June 2017 (N = 443,754).

Educational strengths and functional resilience at the start of primary school following child maltreatment.

Background And Objective: This study explored the associations between child maltreatment and functional resilience at school commencement, and investigated factors related to resilience separately for boys and girls.

Participants And Setting: Children were part of a birth cohort of all children born in South Australia between 1986 and 2017 who had completed the Early Australian Development Census (AEDC) at about age 5-6 years when starting primary school (N = 65,083).

Methods: Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted with a subsample of 3414 high-risk children who had a maltreatment substantiation or investigation, with resilience defined as having well or highly developed strengths on the Multiple Strength Indicator of the AEDC.

Association of Child Maltreatment With Risk of Death During Childhood in South Australia.

Importance: Child maltreatment is a prominent public health concern affecting 20% to 50% of children worldwide. Consequences for mental and physical health have been reported, but population-level estimates of risk of death during childhood that are adjusted for confounders have not been published to date.

Objective: To estimate the association of documented child protection concerns regarding maltreatment with risk of death from infancy to 16 years of age.

Intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment in South Australia, 1986-2017: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The extent of intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment is unclear due to methodological limitations in previous studies. In this study, we aimed to examine factors associated with intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment and quantify its extent in a population sample over a 30-year period in South Australia.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we used linked administrative data from the South Australian Birth Registry to identify dyads of mothers and their children both born in South Australia between July 1, 1986, and June 30, 2017.

Child Maltreatment and Mortality in Young Adults.

Background: Child maltreatment (CM) is a global public health issue, with reported impacts on health and social outcomes. Evidence on mortality is lacking. In this study, we aimed to estimate the impact of CM on death rates in persons 16 to 33 years.

Hospitalizations among children involved in the child protection system: A long-term birth cohort study from infancy to adulthood using administrative data.

Background: Despite considerable health consequences of child abuse and neglect, there is limited evidence on hospitalizations in this population.

Objectives: To describe frequency and reasons for hospitalization by lifetime child protection system (CPS) involvement.

Participants: 608,540 children born from January 1, 1986 to June 30, 2017 in South Australia, Australia METHODS: Using linked administrative data on CPS involvement and hospitalizations, we descriptively examined cumulative incidence, cumulative count and reasons for hospitalization from infancy to early adulthood by CPS involvement.

Associations between Cognitive Function, Hospitalizations and Costs in Nursing Homes: A Cross-sectional Study.

In an Australian nursing home population, associations between cognitive function and 12-month hospitalizations and costs were examined. Participants with dementia had 57% fewer hospitalizations compared to those without dementia, with 41% lower mean hospitalization costs; poorer cognition scores were also associated with fewer hospitalizations. The cost per admission for those with dementia was 33% greater due to longer hospital stays (5.

Are people in residential care entitled to receive rehabilitation services following hip fracture? Views of the public from a citizens' jury.

Background: Access to rehabilitation services for people living in residential care facilities is frequently limited. A randomised trial of a hospital outreach hip fracture rehabilitation program in residential care facilities has demonstrated improvements in mobility at four weeks and quality of life at 12 months but was not considered cost-effective by standard health economic metrics. The current study aimed to explore the general public's views on issues involved in the allocation of rehabilitation resources for residents of care facilities.

Alternative staffing structures in a clustered domestic model of residential aged care in Australia.

Objective: A clustered domestic model of residential aged care has been associated with better consumer-rated quality of care. Our objective was to examine differences in staffing structures between clustered domestic and standard models.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 541 individuals living in 17 Australian not-for-profit residential aged care homes.

Diagnosis of dementia in residential aged care settings in Australia: An opportunity for improvements in quality of care?

Objective: To examine the cognitive status of Australians living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) and whether or not a dementia diagnosis was recorded.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 541 residents of 17 RACFs spanning four states. Examination of cognitive status by Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale Cognitive Impairment Scale (PAS-Cog) and dementia diagnosis from medical records.

Clustered domestic model of residential care is associated with better consumer rated quality of care.

Objective: To compare consumer rated quality of care among individuals living long-term in homelike clustered domestic and standard models of residential care in Australia.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Seventeen residential aged care facilities in four Australian states providing alternative models of care.

Clustered domestic residential aged care in Australia: fewer hospitalisations and better quality of life.

Objective: To compare the outcomes and costs of clustered domestic and standard Australian models of residential aged care.

Design: Cross-sectional retrospective analysis of linked health service data, January 2015 - February 2016.

Setting: 17 aged care facilities in four Australian states providing clustered (four) or standard Australian (13) models of residential aged care.

Associations between the Drug Burden Index, Potentially Inappropriate Medications and Quality of Life in Residential Aged Care.

Background: Inappropriate polypharmacy may negatively impact the quality of life of residents in aged care facilities, but it remains unclear which medications may influence this reduced quality of life.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine whether the Drug Burden Index and potentially inappropriate medications were associated with quality of life in older adults living in residential care with a high prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia.

Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 541 individuals recruited from 17 residential aged care facilities in Australia in the Investigating Services Provided in the Residential Environment for Dementia (INSPIRED) study.

Direct health and residential care costs of people living with dementia in Australian residential aged care.

Objectives: This analysis estimates the whole-of-system direct costs for people living with dementia in residential care by using a broad health and social care provision perspective and compares it to people without dementia living in residential care.

Methods: Data were collected from 541 individuals living permanently in 17 care facilities across Australia. The annual cost of health and residential care was determined by using individual resource use data and reported by the dementia status of the individuals.