Subjective risk factors of severe pain at discharge from the emergency department.

Objective: To examine the risk factors for severe pain upon discharge from the emergency department, assuming appropriate pharmacological treatment of pain, in order to improve pain relief in emergency departments and reduce the risk of potential chronic pain.

Methods: An analytic study was conducted utilizing data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate patients' experiences upon admission and discharge from the emergency department (ED). Severe pain was defined by a score of six on a numerical rating scale of zero to ten.

The risk of road traffic crashes for occupational drivers: A responsibility study with comparison to the general population.

Background: Road accidents are the leading type of work-related fatalities, but the impact of work-related travel on overall traffic safety has been scarcely studied.

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to assess drivers' relative road accident risk between work-related and personal journeys.

Methods: A responsible/non-responsible case-control study was performed on a sample of 7,051 road accidents in France from the VOIESUR project.

Artificial Intelligence in Emergency Medicine: Viewpoint of Current Applications and Foreseeable Opportunities and Challenges.

Emergency medicine and its services have reached a breaking point during the COVID-19 pandemic. This pandemic has highlighted the failures of a system that needs to be reconsidered, and novel approaches need to be considered. Artificial intelligence (AI) has matured to the point where it is poised to fundamentally transform health care, and applications within the emergency field are particularly promising.

Deep Learning Transformer Models for Building a Comprehensive and Real-time Trauma Observatory: Development and Validation Study.

Background: Public health surveillance relies on the collection of data, often in near-real time. Recent advances in natural language processing make it possible to envisage an automated system for extracting information from electronic health records.

Objective: To study the feasibility of setting up a national trauma observatory in France, we compared the performance of several automatic language processing methods in a multiclass classification task of unstructured clinical notes.

Prescribed anti-glaucoma medication consumption and road traffic crash.

Background: Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. Influence of visual defects associated with this condition, as well as potential side effects of anti-glaucoma medications on driving may be a relevant traffic safety concern. This study therefore aimed to investigate whether and/or to what extent prescribed anti-glaucoma medicine consumption is associated with increased likelihood of crash risk, and traffic crash responsibility among drivers involved in road traffic crashes.

Implementation of a model of awareness-raising for taxi motorcyclists in Benin in relation to helmet use: a quasi-experimental study.

Background: This study aims to test the effectiveness of an awareness-raising model designed based on the theory of planned behaviour regarding helmet use for motorcycle taxi drivers.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study took place in the cities of Parakou (intervention group) and Porto Novo (control group). Over a three-month period, a package of awareness-raising activities, based on the theory of planned behaviour, have been implemented in the intervention area.

Mental and physical health among the French population before and during the first and second COVID-19 lockdowns: Latent class trajectory analyses using longitudinal data.

Background: The French government issued national COVID-19-related confinement and stay-at-home orders depending on different epidemic levels in a bid to stem the coronavirus pandemic and its resurgence. The long-term impact of lockdown measures on the general population may vary. We aimed to identify and characterize self-reported mental and physical health trajectories in the French population from pre-lockdown to the first and second COVID-19 lockdowns and to identify factors associated with health status variation patterns.

Health conditions and the risk of home injury in French adults: results from a prospective study of the MAVIE cohort.

Background: Home injury (HI) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in adults of all ages. Health conditions significantly impact HI among old adults, but little is known for other adults.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

A web-based prospective cohort study of home, leisure, school and sports injuries in France: a descriptive analysis.

Background: Home and leisure injuries (HLIs) are a major public health problem. Cohort studies among general population are needed for targeted preventive actions but remain scarce. We quantify and qualify the HLIs collected prospectively in the MAVIE (Mutualists against Home and Leisure Injuries) observatory, a web-based cohort among volunteers of the French general population.

Post-injury benzodiazepine and opioid use among older adults involved in road traffic crashes: A Swedish register-based longitudinal study.

Aim: Psychotropic drugs like opioids and benzodiazepines are prescribed for traumas resulting from road traffic crashes and the risk of developing an addiction deserves consideration. This study aims to shed light on how the consumption of those drugs evolves over time among older road traffic injury (RTI) victims.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide Swedish register-based longitudinal study to identify trajectories of post-RTI psychotropic drug use.

Surveillance of COVID-19 using a keyword search for symptoms in reports from emergency medical communication centers in Gironde, France: a 15 year retrospective cross-sectional study.

During periods such as the COVID-19 crisis, there is a need for responsive public health surveillance indicators related to the epidemic. To determine the performance of keyword-search algorithm in call reports to emergency medical communication centers (EMCC) to describe trends in symptoms during the COVID-19 crisis. We retrospectively retrieved all free text call reports from the EMCC of the Gironde department (SAMU 33), France, between 2005 and 2020 and classified them with a simple keyword-based algorithm to identify symptoms relevant to COVID-19.

Medicine consumptions and occupational road risk.

Background: Whereas an increased risk of road traffic crashes has been highlighted as linked to some medicine consumptions, there is no available data on this risk according to the type of journey (private, commuting or mission). Drivers on occupational journey (commuting or mission) are likely to have different coping behaviors related to the use of medicines than drivers on private journey. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between exposure to ten classes of medicines and the risk of being responsible for a road traffic crash according to the type of journey (private, commuting or mission).

Effect of wearing a helmet on the occurrence of head injuries in motorcycle riders in Benin: a case-control study.

Background: In Benin, motorcycles are the main means of transport for road users and are involved in more than half of crashes. This study aims to determine the effect of wearing a helmet on reducing head injuries in road crashes in Benin.

Methods: This case-control study took place in 2020 and focused on road trauma victims.

Trends in reasons for emergency calls during the COVID-19 crisis in the department of Gironde, France using artificial neural network for natural language classification.

Objectives: During periods such as the COVID-19 crisis, there is a need for responsive public health surveillance indicators in order to monitor both the epidemic growth and potential public health consequences of preventative measures such as lockdown. We assessed whether the automatic classification of the content of calls to emergency medical communication centers could provide relevant and responsive indicators.

Methods: We retrieved all 796,209 free-text call reports from the emergency medical communication center of the Gironde department, France, between 2018 and 2020.

A longitudinal study of mental health before and during COVID-19 lockdown in the French population.

Background: The impact of general population lockdown implemented in the face of the COVID-19 epidemic needs to be evaluated. We describe here a longitudinal study on the mental health of adults in France.

Methods: We did a secondary analysis of a web-based cohort, initially set up to study home and leisure injuries, in order to measure the consequences of the national lockdown implemented in France from 17 March 2020 to 11 May 2020, and to assess potential vulnerability and resilience factors.

Cohort profile: MAVIE a web-based prospective cohort study of home, leisure, and sports injuries in France.

MAVIE is a web-based prospective cohort study of Home, Leisure, and Sports Injuries with a longitudinal follow-up of French general population volunteers. MAVIE participants are voluntary members of French households, including overseas territories. Participation in the cohort involves answering individual and household questionnaires and relevant exposures and prospectively reporting injury events during the follow-up.

Road traffic crash characteristics of drivers who take prescription medicines that carry a risk to driving.

Background: The specific features of crashes involving an alcohol-intoxicated driver have been extensively characterized, but no such data are available for crashes involving a driver who has used a prescription medicine, which could help to plan and target prevention and control initiatives. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of crashes involving drivers under the influence of prescription medicines.

Methods: We took advantage of CESIR, a French record linkage study for which data were extracted and matched from three French national databases: police reports, the national police database of injurious crashes and the national health care insurance database (HCI database).

Factors associated with serious vehicular accidents: A cross-sectional study in hospital emergency rooms.

Aims: Pictograms on medicine boxes warn of potential drug-related driving hazard; we studied their association with serious accidents.

Methods: Prospective study in emergency departments of the hospitals in Bordeaux and Périgueux (France), of drivers with serious (admitted at least 24 hours) or nonserious vehicular accidents. Minors, passengers, pedestrians or subjects incapable of answering an interview were excluded.

Examining the Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Health Conditions in Community Dwelling Older Adults.

The Canadian low-risk drinking guidelines were developed for adults, however, the applicability to older adults was not considered in the development of the guidelines. The objectives of this study were to: (1) to examine alcohol use in community dwelling older males and females using the current Canadian guidelines; (2) to test lower limits of alcohol use on various health factors; and (3) to determine health factors associated with high-risk drinking in older males and females. Data on community dwelling older adults (aged 65 +) was used from the Canadian Injury Prevention Survey (n = 2274).

Chronic medical conditions and their association with crash risk and changes in driving habits: a prospective study of the GAZEL cohort.

Objectives: To assess crash risk and driving habits associated with chronic medical conditions among drivers entering old age.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: French cohort GAZEL.

Stress and lasting symptoms following injury: Results from a 4-month cohort of trauma patients recruited at the emergency department.

Introduction: Recent research suggests that up to 20% of minor trauma patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) will suffer from non-specific chronic conditions over the subsequent several months. Thus, the present study assessed the correlates of symptoms that persisted at 4 months after an ED visit and, in particular, evaluated the associations between these symptoms and self-reported stress levels at ED admission and discharge.

Method: This study was a prospective observational investigation conducted in the ED of Bordeaux University Hospital that included patients admitted for minor trauma.

Post-Traumatic Stress and School Adaptation in Adolescent Survivors Five Years after the 2010 Yushu Earthquake in China.

(1) Background: The devastating Ms 7.1 earthquake struck Yushu city, China, in 2010, leading to serious consequences and damage in the central Tibetan Plateau. This study aimed to assess school adaptation and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms of adolescent survivors five years after the Yushu earthquake.

Trends in benzodiazepine anxiolytics and z-hypnotics use among French drivers involved in road traffic crashes from 2005 to 2015: a responsibility case-control study.

Background: In France, benzodiazepine anxiolytics and z-hypnotics (zolpidem and zopiclone) account for the largest share of road traffic crash risk attributable to exposure to prescription drugs. The aim of this study was to monitor the evolution of the use of these prescription drugs and their association with crash risk over a period that began before the implementation of a color-graded pictogram system printed on prescription drug boxes.

Methods: Data from three French national databases were extracted and linked: the national health care insurance database, police reports, and the national police database of injurious crashes.

Penalized logistic regression with low prevalence exposures beyond high dimensional settings.

Estimating and selecting risk factors with extremely low prevalences of exposure for a binary outcome is a challenge because classical standard techniques, markedly logistic regression, often fail to provide meaningful results in such settings. While penalized regression methods are widely used in high-dimensional settings, we were able to show their usefulness in low-dimensional settings as well. Specifically, we demonstrate that Firth correction, ridge, the lasso and boosting all improve the estimation for low-prevalence risk factors.