A sequel to "Comprehensive analysis of single- and multi-vehicle large truck at-fault crashes on rural and urban roadways in Alabama": Accounting for temporal instability in crash factors.

This exploratory study is a follow-up to a 2014 study that investigated factors associated with large truck at-fault crash outcomes in Alabama. To assess unobserved temporal changes in the effects of the crash factors, this study re-creates the original crash models developed in the 2014 study using crash data from 2017 to 2019. Four mixed logit models were re-created using the same variables used in the previous study to analyze contributing crash factors to injury severity of single-vehicle (SV) and multi-vehicle-involved (MV) large truck at-fault crashes in urban and rural settings.

Analyzing fatal crash patterns of recidivist drivers across genders and age Groups: A hazard-based duration approach.

Identifying factors that significantly affect drivers that are repeatedly involved in traffic violations or non-fatal crashes (defined here as recidivist drivers) is very important in highway safety studies. This study sought to understand the relationship between a set of variables related to previous driving violations and the duration between a previous non-fatal crash and a subsequent fatal crash, taking into account the age and gender of the driver. By identifying the characteristics of this unique driver population and the factors that influence the duration between their crash events strategies can be put in place to prevent the occurrence of future and potentially fatal crashes.

Injury-severity analysis of crashes involving defective vehicles and accounting for the underlying socioeconomic mediators.

Crashes occur from a combination of factors related to the driver, roadway, and vehicle factors. The impact of vehicles on road crashes is a critical consideration within road safety analysis, even though not much studies have been conducted in this area. This study assessed how various vehicle and other crash factors are significantly associated with crash outcomes.

Stability of factors influencing walking-along-the-road pedestrian injury severity outcomes under different lighting conditions: A random parameters logit approach with heterogeneity in means and out-of-sample predictions.

Pedestrians walking along the road's edge are more exposed and vulnerable than those on designated crosswalks. Often, they remain oblivious to the imminent perils of potential collisions with vehicles, making crashes involving these pedestrians relatively unique compared to others. While previous research has recognized that the surrounding lighting conditions influence traffic crashes, the effect of different lighting conditions on walking-along-the-road pedestrian injury severity outcomes remains unexplored.

An in-depth analysis of head-on crash severity and fatalities in Ghana.

Head-on collisions are often linked to more serious injuries compared to other types of crashes, due to the intense impact they cause. In low- and middle-income countries, these collisions frequently involve high occupancy public transportation vehicles, leading to higher fatality rates per crash. Given the high risk of injury and potential for multiple casualties, this study delves into the factors influencing the outcomes of head-on crashes and the number of fatalities in Ghana.

A comprehensive study of child pedestrian crash outcomes in Ghana.

Pedestrians are considered as one of the vulnerable road user groups. Among pedestrians of all ages, children are the most at risk. Previous studies have shown that children have inadequate knowledge of road safety and are unable to identify risks on road.

Association between driving frequency and well-being among older adults.

Objectives: Research on driving in older adulthood suggests that driving is a form of independence for older adults and is often associated with increased social capital and overall-being. However, few studies have examined whether the frequency of driving, and not driving alone, affects likelihood of having well-being among older adults. This study aimed to examine the association between frequency of driving and well-being among older adults, guided by the activity theory of aging.

Severity analysis of single-vehicle left and right run-off-road crashes using a random parameter ordered logit model.

Objectives: Single vehicle (SV) run-off-road crashes are a major cause of severe injury and fatality. Such crashes can result in different levels of severity depending on the direction (i.e.

Learning about injury severity from no-injury crashes: A random parameters with heterogeneity in means and variances approach.

The traditional approach to injury-severity analyses does not allow in-depth understanding of no-injury crashes, as crash factors found to contribute to the various injury severities may have similar effects on the severity of vehicle damage even if no injury is recorded. Viewing no-injury crashes using the vehicle damage severities as sub-categories and bases for potential injuries can improve understanding of future injury crashes. To better understand the mechanism of no-injury crashes and the crash factors that contribute to the extent of vehicle damage beyond the single categorization of these crashes in injury severity analysis, this study presents a vehicle damage severity analysis for no-injury crashes.

Severity analysis of crashes involving in-state and out-of-state large truck drivers in Alabama: A random parameter multinomial logit model with heterogeneity in means and variances.

The trucking sector contributes significantly to the economic vitality of the United States. Large trucks are primarily used for transporting goods within and across states. Despite its economic importance, large truck crashes constitute public safety concerns.

Exploration of motorcyclists' red-light running and helmet use at signalized intersections in Ghana.

Objective: There is a dearth of empirical studies on motorcyclists' red-light running and helmet use at signalized intersections in low and middle-income countries like Ghana, Nigeria and Malaysia. This study seeks to fill the gap by looking at red-light running and helmet use at signalized intersections in the Cape Coast metropolis, Ghana. The study also identified potential areas of intervention to reduce the dangers posed by motorcyclists' red-light running in the Cape Coast Metropolis without the use of a helmet.

How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect road crashes and crash outcomes in Alabama?

With the rising number of cases and deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic, nations and local governments, including many across the U.S., imposed travel restrictions on their citizens.

Injury-severity analysis of intercity bus crashes in Ghana: A random parameters multinomial logit with heterogeneity in means and variances approach.

Travel by bus is an efficient, cost-effective, safe and preferred means of intercity transport in many advanced countries. On the contrary, there is huge public sentiment about the safety records of intercity buses in low- and middle-income countries given the increasing bus-involved road traffic crashes and high fatality rates. This study sought to model the injury severity of intercity bus transport in Ghana using the random parameters multinomial logit with heterogeneity in means and variances modelling technique to account for unobserved heterogeneity in the dataset.

Behavioral pathways in bicycle-motor vehicle crashes: From contributing factors, pre-crash actions, to injury severities.

Introduction: This study performed a path analysis to uncover the behavioral pathways (from contributing factors, pre-crash actions to injury severities) in bicycle-motor vehicle crashes.

Method: The analysis investigated more than 7,000 bicycle-motor vehicle crashes in North Carolina between 2007 and 2014. Pre-crash actions discussed in this study are actions of cyclists and motorists prior to the event of a crash, including "bicyclist failed to yield," "motorist failed to yield," "bicyclist overtaking motorist," and "motorist overtaking bicyclist.

Injury-severity analysis of lane change crashes involving commercial motor vehicles on interstate highways.

Introduction: One of the challenging tasks for drivers is the ability to change lanes around large commercial motor vehicles. Lane changing is often characterized by speed, and crashes that occur due to unsafe lane changes can have serious consequences. Considering the economic importance of commercial trucks, ensuring the safety, security, and resilience of freight transportation is of paramount concern to the United States Department of Transportation and other stakeholders.

Factors associated with driver injury severity of lane changing crashes involving younger and older drivers.

Lane change maneuvers can be a difficult driving task for many drivers, particularly, younger and inexperienced drivers and older drivers. Frequent and improper lane changing has a substantial effect on both traffic operations and safety. This study investigates the factors that contribute to the injury severity of crashes resulting from improper lane change maneuvers involving younger and older drivers in Alabama.

Do NHTSA vehicle safety ratings affect side impact crash outcomes?

Introduction: Side impact crash injuries tend to be severe, mainly due to the effects of the mechanism of such crashes. This study addresses the relationship between side impact crash injury severities and side impact safety ratings of the passenger cars involved in such crashes. It is motivated by the lack of research on side impact safety ratings in relation to the real-world crash outcomes.

An analysis of risk factors associated with road crash severities in Namibia.

Road crash is a leading cause of death and disabilities in Namibia and other developing countries. Based on recent trends, the World Health Organization indicated that progress to realize Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.6 - which calls for a 50% reduction in the number of road traffic deaths by 2020 - remains far from sufficient.

Latent class analysis of factors that influence weekday and weekend single-vehicle crash severities.

This paper investigates factors that influence the severity of single-vehicle crashes that happen on weekdays and weekends. Crash data from 2012 to 2016 for the State of Alabama was used for this study. Latent class logit models were developed as alternative to the frequently used random parameters models to account for unobserved heterogeneity across crash-severity observations.

Multilevel analysis of the role of human factors in regional disparities in crash outcomes.

A growing body of research has examined the disparities in road traffic safety among population groups and geographic regions. These studies reveal disparities in crash outcomes between people and regions with different socioeconomic characteristics. A critical aspect of the road traffic crash epidemic that has received limited attention is the influence of local characteristics on human elements that increase the risk of getting into a crash.