[Ethics, care and ageing during the Covid-19 pandemic].

At the beginning of the Covid-19 epidemic, National forum for ethical reflection on Alzheimer's disease and neurodegenerative diseases conducted a national survey to identify the difficulties encountered by professionals working in the field of old age and autonomy, families and volunteers, and the initiatives they have implemented. Seven major difficulties were identified: the isolation induced by the prohibition of visits, the lack of protective equipment and tests, the difficulties of people with cognitive difficulties in understanding measures to avoid the spread of the epidemic, the sustainability of overwork for professionals, the concern of the families of residents, complex situations at home and difficulties in accessing care. Four initiatives are being implemented: information and training for teams, compensation for interrupted visits, consultations and exchanges between professionals, actions to benefit people living at home.

Care and prejudice: moving beyond mistrust in the care relationship with addicted patients.

Social representations of addiction and the resulting stigmatization have been widely described and studied in the literature, but their effects are no less problematic. These representations, which also occur in care settings, generate a climate of distrust which damages the therapeutic relationship, and its ethical quality. This article, combining clinical experience and an ethical stance, offers an original, innovating approach to the existence of distrust in care relationships in the area of addiction.

["Espace national de réflexion éthique sur la maladie d'Alzheimer--EREMA". Another approach to Alzheimer's disease and ethical responsibility].

The creation in 2010 of a national ethical area on Alzheimer disease illustrates the evolution in the French context towards an institutionalization of ethical approach concerning chronic diseases and long term care. This paper presents the background of such a national area, how it works, its objectives and two concrete outputs: the charter "Alzheimer Ethics & Society 2011" and the advice "Alzheimer, ethics and society", published in September 2012.

[Analysis of the concept of risk in a medical teaching program].

The concept of risk has acquired an extremely important place in medical care in the course of various social developments. This concept plays a role in the physician-patient relationship, especially as the form in which the physician provides information to the patient; it is also a form of medical knowledge. We propose a cross-sectional medical course module on this concept of risk, intended for medical students; it can be included in module 1 of the curriculum for the national ranking examination.

[HIV-AIDS: ethics in healthcare, research, and access to treatments].

Violence and gravity cannot be ignored when considering HIV and AIDS challenges. However, coping with this pandemic disease caused us to build up and experience new ways of solidarity that have transformed our views of medical care and public health. The few achievements of these years throw a new light on the figure of the ill person.