Evaluation of the cognitive outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: The role of thalamus.

Cardiac arrest survivors develop a variety of neuropsychological impairments and neuroanatomical lesions. The goal of this study is to evaluate if brain voxel-based morphometry and lesional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) analyses performed in the acute phase of an Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) can be sensitive enough to predict the persistence of neuropsychological disorders beyond 3 months. Survivors underwent a prospective brain MRI during the first month after an OHCA and performed neuropsychological assessments at 1 and 3 months.

The human placenta as a model for training and research in mechanical thrombectomy: Clarifications and use of the chorionic plate veins.

Indications for mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke are increasing, resulting in the continuous development of new devices and techniques. Therefore, there is a need for a realistic testing and training environment that offers the opportunity to practice different procedures and test the latest devices. Some authors have described the use of the human placenta as a model for neurointerventional surgery, with striking similarities to real-life conditions.

The priming effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on clinical response to electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study.

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, due to response delay and cognitive impairment, ECT remains an imperfect treatment. Compared to ECT, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is less effective at treating severe depression, but has the advantage of being quick, easy to use, and producing almost no side effects.

Increased diagnostic accuracy of giant cell arteritis using three-dimensional fat-saturated contrast-enhanced vessel-wall magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T.

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of 3D versus 2D contrast-enhanced vessel-wall (CE-VW) MRI of extracranial and intracranial arteries in the diagnosis of GCA.

Methods: This prospective two-center study was approved by a national research ethics board and enrolled participants from December 2014 to October 2017. A protocol including both a 2D and a 3D CE-VW MRI at 3 T was performed in all patients.

Is there a timing for sensitivity to acute cerebral ischemia in migraine patients?

Background: Migraine may be a factor of increased cerebral sensitivity to ischemia. Previous studies were conducted within 6 to 72 after stroke onset. We aimed to determine if an accelerated infarct growth exists in migraine patients within the first 4.

A case of right internal carotid agenesis with associated transcavernous anastomosis revealed by transient ischemic attack.

Agenesis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a rare congenital vascular disorder of the cerebral circulation. CT scan of the skull base disclosing complete absence of the bony carotid canal helps to differentiate an agenesis from aplasia or hypoplasia. Although most of the patients remain asymptomatic (thanks to the sufficient collateral circulation provided by the circle of Willis) cerebral infarcts, transient ischemic attacks or intracranial aneurysms have been rarely described in association with agenesis of the ICA.

MRI diagnosis of saccular hydrops: Comparison of heavily-T2 FIESTA-C and 3D-FLAIR sequences with delayed acquisition.

Purpose: Currently, 3D-FLAIR sequence performed 4hours after the intravenous administration of a single dose of contrast media is the imaging technique of choice for the diagnosis of saccular hydrops (SH). Recently, the diagnosis of SH has also been reported with heavily-T2 weighted sequences.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective imaging study, we performed 3D-FLAIR sequences 4hours after contrast media administration and 3D FIESTA-C sequences before and 4hours after contrast media administration in 30 patients with unilateral definite, probable or possible clinical diagnosis of Menière's disease (MD).

Acute loss of psychic self-activation after cardiac arrest and delayed bilateral pallidal lesions on brain MRI.

The delay between cardiac arrest and brain MRI is usually extremely different in the few cerebral imaging studies assessing the affected brain areas. We report an unusual case of loss of psychic self-activation appeared immediately after a cardiac arrest in a middle age patient. The first brain MRI, one month after the vascular event, did not show the classical lesions typically reported, such as lesion of the caudate nucleus or the globus pallidus.

White matter tracts lesions and decline of verbal fluency after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

Decline of verbal fluency (VF) performance is one of the most systematically reported neuropsychological adverse effects after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS). It has been suggested that this worsening of VF may be related to a microlesion due to the electrode trajectories. We describe the disruption of surrounding white matter tracts following electrode implantation in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with STN-DBS and assess whether damage of fiber pathways is associated with VF impairment after surgery.

Slc20a2, Encoding the Phosphate Transporter PiT2, Is an Important Genetic Determinant of Bone Quality and Strength.

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and fragility fracture and affects over 200 million people worldwide. Bone quality describes the material properties that contribute to strength independently of BMD, and its quantitative analysis is a major priority in osteoporosis research. Tissue mineralization is a fundamental process requiring calcium and phosphate transporters.

Association between vasoactive peptide urotensin II in plasma and cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a potential therapeutic target.

Objective: Cerebral vasospasm (VS) is a severe complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Urotensin II (UII) is a potent vasoactive peptide activating the urotensin (UT) receptor, potentially involved in brain vascular pathologies. The authors hypothesized that UII/UT system antagonism with the UT receptor antagonist/biased ligand urantide may be associated with post-SAH VS.

Morphological features in juvenile Huntington disease associated with cerebellar atrophy - magnetic resonance imaging morphometric analysis.

Background: The imaging features of Huntington disease are well known in adults, unlike in juvenile-onset Huntington disease.

Objective: To conduct a morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis in three juvenile Huntington disease patients (ages 2, 4 and 6 years old) to determine whether quantitative cerebral and cerebellar morphological metrics may provide diagnostically interesting patterns of cerebellar and cerebellar atrophy.

Materials And Methods: We report the cases of three siblings with extremely early presentations of juvenile Huntington disease associated with dramatic expansions of the morbid paternal allele from 43 to more than 100 CAG trinucleotide repeats.

Imaging spectrum of Bing-Neel syndrome: how can a radiologist recognise this rare neurological complication of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia?

Objectives: Bing-Neel syndrome (BNS) is a rare neurological complication of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. The aim of this study is to describe the spectrum of radiological manifestations of this syndrome and their prevalence in order to facilitate its early diagnosis.

Methods: Twenty-four patients with BNS were diagnosed between 1994 and 2016 in eight centres in France.

Glioblastoma as differential diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis.

Objective: To identify the clinical and radiological features that should raise suspicion for the autoimmune encephalitis (AE)-like presentation of glioblastoma.

Methods: This is an observational, retrospective case series of patients referred to the French National Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Diseases for suspected AE (possible, probable or definite, using the 2016 criteria) who later received a final diagnosis of glioblastoma according to 2016 WHO criteria. An extensive literature search was also conducted for similar existing cases.

Predictive Factors of Headache Resolution After Chiari Type 1 Malformation Surgery.

Background: Headache is the main and often isolated symptom of patients with Chiari type 1 malformation (CM1). Classically described as occipital and exacerbated by cough, headaches may be poorly characterized, making it difficult to establish CM1 as the underlying cause. Current guidelines for surgical posterior fossa decompression are undefined.

Comparison of electromagnetic neuronavigation system and free-hand method for ventricular catheter placement in internal shunt.

Objective: Optimal ventricular catheter positioning is able to reduce the risk of catheter dysfunction, and subsequently the risk of multiple revision surgery. The objective of our study was to compare the proportion of optimal ventricular catheter placements in a cohort of patients operated for ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt between a free-hand group and a neuronavigated group.

Patients And Methods: Twenty patients with hydrocephalus requiring VP shunt were prospectively included in this study.

Long-Lasting Cerebral Vasospasm, Microthrombosis, Apoptosis and Paravascular Alterations Associated with Neurological Deficits in a Mouse Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease with high mortality and morbidity. Long-term cognitive and sensorimotor deficits are serious complications following SAH but still not well explained and described in mouse preclinical models. The aim of our study is to characterize a well-mastered SAH murine model and to establish developing pathological mechanisms leading to cognitive and motor deficits, allowing identification of specific targets involved in these long-term troubles.

Leucoencephalopathy following abuse of sniffed heroin.

A 29-year-old man was admitted for acute cognitive impairment. Three weeks earlier, he had been admitted for coma due to sniffed heroin abuse responsive to naloxone infusion. At admission, the patient presented with apraxia, severe memory impairment and anosognosia.

Mirrored and rotated stimuli are not the same: A neuropsychological and lesion mapping study.

Agnosia for mirrored stimuli is a rare clinical deficit. Only eight patients have been reported in the literature so far and little is known about the neural substrates of this agnosia. Using a previously developed experimental test designed to assess this agnosia, namely the Mirror and Orientation Agnosia Test (MOAT), as well as voxel-lesion symptom mapping (VLSM), we tested the hypothesis that focal brain-injured patients with right parietal damage would be impaired in the discrimination between the canonical view of a visual object and its mirrored and rotated images.

Differential Diagnosis of Dementia with High Levels of Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau Protein.

Background: Total Tau concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is widely used as a biomarker in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative process primarily in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A particularly high Tau level may indicate AD but may also be associated with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). In such situations little is known about the distribution of differential diagnoses.