Validation of a high performance liquid chromatography method for quantitation of foot-and-mouth disease virus antigen in vaccines and vaccine manufacturing.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious viral disease that affects the main meat and dairy production animals, including cattle, sheep, goats and swine. It is readily transmissible and countries where the disease is present suffer harsh international trade restrictions on livestock products and serious economic losses. Vaccines are important tools to contain outbreaks and maintain the status of free with or without vaccination, as defined by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus: quantification of whole virus particles during the vaccine manufacturing process by size exclusion chromatography.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious viral disease that affects cattle, sheep, goats and swine causing severe economic losses worldwide. The efficacy of inactivated vaccines is critically dependent on the integrity of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) particles. The recommended method to quantify the active ingredient of vaccines is the 140S quantitative sucrose density gradient analysis.

Persistent anti-gag, -Nef, and -Rev IgM levels as markers of the impaired functions of CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes during SIVmac251 infection of cynomolgus macaques.

This study analyzed the antigen-specific (Gag, Nef, Rev, and Tat) IgM, IgG, and IgA humoral responses during the first 200 days of SIVmac251 infection in cynomolgus macaques. These responses were tested for correlation with the CD4(+) T-cell-related hematologic parameters and viral load throughout the course of the study (acute and chronic infection, during and after antiretroviral therapy). Strong inverse correlations were observed between the percentage of CD4(+) T cells at almost every timepoint of the study and the levels of IgM (but not IgG and IgA) against Gag, Nef, and Rev (but not Tat) measured after, but not during, the primary peak of IgM response.

Analysis of IGG and IGG4 in HIV-1 seropositive patients and correlation with biological and genetic markers.

We have compared the levels of immunoglobulins G (IgG) and G4 (IgG4) in extreme seropositive patients from the GRIV cohort consisting of 168 patients with slow progression (SP) and 60 with rapid progression (RP) as well as in 173 healthy controls. IgG levels were significantly higher in SP patients than in RP patients (P = 0.008), both higher than in seronegative individuals.

T-cell and neuronal apoptosis in HIV infection: implications for therapeutic intervention.

The pathogenesis of HIV infection involves the selective loss of CD4+ T cells contributing to immune deficiency. Although loss of T cells leading to immune dysfunction in HIV infection is mediated in part by viral infection, there is a much larger effect on noninfected T cells undergoing apoptosis in response to activation stimuli. In the subset of patients with HIV dementia complex, neuronal injury, loss, and apoptosis are observed.

Immunogenicity of HIV-1 IIIB and SHIV 89.6P Tat and Tat toxoids in rhesus macaques: induction of humoral and cellular immune responses.

This study compared immune responses in rhesus macaques immunized with unmodified HIV-1 IIIB Tat, SHIV89.6P Tat, and carboxymethylated IIIB and 89.6P Tat toxoids.