Skin temperature influence on transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO) conductivity and skin blood flow in healthy human subjects at the arm and wrist.

present transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO)-tcpCO-monitors suffer from limitations which hamper their widespread use, and call for a new tcpCO measurement technique. However, the progress in this area is hindered by the lack of knowledge in transcutaneous CO diffusion. To address this knowledge gap, this study focuses on investigating the influence of skin temperature on two key skin properties: CO permeability and skin blood flow.

Carbon Dioxide Sensing-Biomedical Applications to Human Subjects.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring in human subjects is of crucial importance in medical practice. Transcutaneous monitors based on the Stow-Severinghaus electrode make a good alternative to the painful and risky arterial "blood gases" sampling. Yet, such monitors are not only expensive, but also bulky and continuously drifting, requiring frequent recalibrations by trained medical staff.

Measuring hemoglobin spectra: searching for carbamino-hemoglobin.

Significance: The arterial carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressure PaCO2 is a clinically relevant variable. However, its measurement requires arterial blood sampling or bulky and expensive transcutaneous PtcCO2 meters. While the spectrophotometric determination of hemoglobin species-such as oxy-hemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxy-hemoglobin (HHb)-allowed for the development of pulse oximetry, the measurement of CO2 blood content with minimal discomfort has not been addressed yet.