Diagnosis and management of congenital hypopituitarism in children.

Hypopituitarism (or pituitary deficiency) is a rare disease with an estimated prevalence of between 1/16,000 and 1/26,000 individuals, defined by insufficient production of one or several anterior pituitary hormones (growth hormone [GH], thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH], luteinizing hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], prolactin), in association or not with diabetes insipidus (antidiuretic hormone [ADH] deficiency). While in adults hypopituitarism is mostly an acquired disease (tumors, irradiation), in children it is most often a congenital condition, due to abnormal pituitary development. Clinical symptoms vary considerably from isolated to combined deficiencies and between syndromic and non-syndromic forms.

Increased Incidence of Pediatric Uveitis Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic Occurring Before COVID-19 Vaccine Implementation: A Time-Series Analysis.

Objective: To examine whether the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increased incidence of uveitis in children.

Study Design: We performed a time-series analysis of patient records from a national, hospital-based, French surveillance system. All children hospitalized for uveitis in France between January 2012 and March 2022 were included.

Evaluation of as an objective measurement method of comitant horizontal strabismus in children undergoing surgery.

The gold standard of angle measurement is the prism alternating cover test (PCT). This method requires cooperation from the child, experience, and presents a significant inter-observer variability. (SK) is a new simple tool for objective and semi-automated angle measurement.

Amblyopia: A review of unmet needs, current treatment options, and emerging therapies.

Amblyopia is a global public health issue with extensive, multifaceted impacts on vision and quality of life (QoL) for both patients and families. Geographical variation exists in the management of amblyopia, with traditional mainstay treatments, optical correction, and fellow eye occlusion most successful when implemented at an early age. In recent years, however, studies demonstrating meaningful improvements in older children and adults have challenged the concept of a complete loss of visual processing plasticity beyond the critical period of visual development, with growing evidence supporting the potential efficacy of emerging, more engaging, binocular therapies in both adults and children.

Evaluation of the Spot Vision Screener for children with limited access to ocular health care.

Purpose: To compare the sensitivity, specificity, and referral rate of the Spot Vision Screener (Welch Allyn Inc, Skaneateles Falls, NY) with the gold standard cycloplegic measurements acquired using the Retinomax in a population of underprivileged children and teenagers with limited access to medical care.

Methods: Children were recruited for the study by social workers in the vicinity of Robert Debre Hospital, Paris, France. Refractive errors (hyperopia of ≥ +2.

Beyond Rehabilitation of Acuity, Ocular Alignment, and Binocularity in Infantile Strabismus.

Infantile strabismus impairs the perception of all attributes of the visual scene. High spatial frequency components are no longer visible, leading to amblyopia. Binocularity is altered, leading to the loss of stereopsis.

Importance of Proprioceptive Information for Postural Control in Children with Strabismus before and after Strabismus Surgery.

The objective of this study is to examine the role of proprioception in postural balance in children with strabismus before and after realignment of their visual axes by eye surgery. Postural recordings were made with the TechnoConcept® force platform in 23 children. Several conditions were studied, whether the subjects had both eyes open, or either the dominant or the non-dominant eye open, without and with foam pads of 4 mm underfoot.

Immaturity of Visual Fixations in Dyslexic Children.

To our knowledge, behavioral studies recording visual fixations abilities in dyslexic children are scarce. The object of this article is to explore further the visual fixation ability in dyslexics compared to chronological age-matched and reading age-matched non-dyslexic children. Fifty-five dyslexic children from 7 to 14 years old, 55 chronological age-matched non-dyslexic children and 55 reading age-matched non-dyslexic children participated to this study.

Importance of visual inputs quality for postural stability in strabismic children.

Objective: The first goal of the present study is to analyze the postural control in strabismic children in four different visual conditions (eyes open, eyes closed and monocular viewing with squint eye and non-squint eye). Secondly, we wish to explore the effect of strabismus surgery in postural control.

Method: Postural stability was recorded with a platform (TechnoConcept) in 23 strabismic children aged from 4.

Sulfonylurea Therapy Benefits Neurological and Psychomotor Functions in Patients With Neonatal Diabetes Owing to Potassium Channel Mutations.

Objective: Neonatal diabetes secondary to mutations in potassium-channel subunits is a rare disease but constitutes a paradigm for personalized genetics-based medicine, as replacing the historical treatment with insulin injections with oral sulfonylurea (SU) therapy has been proven beneficial. SU receptors are widely expressed in the brain, and we therefore evaluated potential effects of SU on neurodevelopmental parameters, which are known to be unresponsive to insulin.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a prospective single-center study.

Spatial and temporal analyses of posture in strabismic children.

Purpose: To analyse postural performances of strabismic children, both in the spatial and the temporal domains, by wavelet transformation, comparing both stable and unstable situations.

Methods: Twenty-six strabismic children aged from 4 to 11 years old and 26 age-matched normal children participated in the study. Postural performances were evaluated using the Framiral® platform.

The influence of oculomotor tasks on postural control in dyslexic children.

Dual task is known to affect postural stability in children. We explored the effect of visual tasks on postural control in thirty dyslexic children. A selected group of thirty chronological age-matched non-dyslexic children (mean age: 9.

Spatial and temporal analysis of postural control in dyslexic children.

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine postural control of dyslexic children using both spatial and temporal analysis.

Methods: Thirty dyslexic (mean age 9.7±0.

Binocular saccade coordination in reading and visual search: a developmental study in typical reader and dyslexic children.

Studies dealing with developmental aspects of binocular eye movement behavior during reading are scarce. In this study we have explored binocular strategies during reading and visual search tasks in a large population of dyslexic and typical readers. Binocular eye movements were recorded using a video-oculography system in 43 dyslexic children (aged 8-13) and in a group of 42 age-matched typical readers.

Origins of strabismus and loss of binocular vision.

Strabismus is a frequent ocular disorder that develops early in life in humans. As a general rule, it is characterized by a misalignment of the visual axes which most often appears during the critical period of visual development. However other characteristics of strabismus may vary greatly among subjects, for example, being convergent or divergent, horizontal or vertical, with variable angles of deviation.

Isolated enophthalmos: an uncommon gateway to orbital tumors in pediatrics: 9 month-old female presenting with isolated enophthalmos as the unique sign of a metastatic orbital tumor: a case report.

Background: If extra-axial proptosis is by far the most common symptom of infantile malignant orbital tumors, enophthalmos is a rare and undocumented sign. We report the first case of a pediatric metastatic orbital tumor revealed by enophthalmos alone.

Case Presentation: A 9-month-old girl was diagnosed with isolated right-sided enophthalmos.

Vertical saccades in dyslexic children.

Vertical saccades have never been studied in dyslexic children. We examined vertical visually guided saccades in fifty-six dyslexic children (mean age: 10.5±2.

Postural control in strabismic children: importance of proprioceptive information.

Objective: To examine the effect of proprioceptive information during postural control in strabismic children.

Methods: Postural stability was recorded with a platform (Techno Concept®) in 12 strabismic children aged from 4.9 to 10 years and data were compared to that of 12 control age-matched children.

Effect of visual attention on postural control in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

We compared the effect of oculomotor tasks on postural sway in two groups of ADHD children with and without methylphenidate (MPH) treatment against a group of control age-matched children. Fourteen MPH-untreated ADHD children, fourteen MPH-treated ADHD children and a group of control children participated to the study. Eye movements were recorded using a video-oculography system and postural sway measured with a force platform simultaneously.

Influence of pulse pressure and spontaneous variations of macular thickness in patients with diabetic macular oedema.

Purpose: To study spontaneous variations of central macular thickness (CMT) and its relation to blood pressure (BP) in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DME).

Methods: 23 diabetic patients presenting with DME with a CMT ≥ 260 μm on optical coherence tomography (OCT-3, Carl Zeiss Meditec, CA) were followed every 2 weeks for 3 months. At baseline, ambulatory 24H-BP monitoring (ABPM) was performed, as well as five CMT measurements (9 am, 12 am, 3 pm, 6 pm and 9 am the day after).

Smooth pursuit eye movements in children with strabismus and in children with vergence deficits.

Purpose: The objective of our study was to examine horizontal smooth pursuit performance in strabismic children and in children with vergence deficits, and to compare these data with those recorded in a group of control age-matched children.

Methods: Binocular eye movements were recorded by video-oculography in ten strabismic children (mean age: 9.8±0.

The effect of a Stroop-like task on postural control in dyslexic children.

The influence of a secondary task on concurrent postural control was explored in twenty-one dyslexic children (mean age: 10.4 ± 0.3 years).