Appraisal of the Impact of the Race-Neutral Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Waiting Time Modification on Transplant Wait Time and Outcomes for Black Kidney Candidates: Importance of Transplant Readiness on the Waitlist.

Background: In July 2022, the Organ Procurement Transplant Network (OPTN) mandated race-neutral eGFR calculations when evaluating kidney transplant (KT) candidates, replacing historic race-based estimates. This modification also required transplant programs to identify KT candidates on their waitlist who would have benefitted from an earlier waitlist qualification date using race-neutral calculations.

Study Design: This retrospective study analyzed Black patients listed for KT at our center between 2000 and 2023, recalculating their eGFR using race-neutral formulas.

Outcomes in Patients With Henoch-Schönlein Purpura After Kidney Transplantation: A Propensity Score Matched Study.

Aim: Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) nephritis leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in upto 3% of cases, necessitating kidney transplantation (KT). This study compared graft and patient survival outcomes between HSP and non-HSP KT recipients and identified factors associated with HSP recurrence.

Methods: Data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) were analysed for adult and paediatric KT patients listed between January 2005 and April 2021.

Hip shelf acetabuloplasty in borderline dysplasia, an alternative between Periacetabular Osteotomy and arthroscopic procedures.

Purpose: Surgical treatments for symptomatic borderline dysplastic hips (Lateral Center-Edge Angle: LCEA 18-25°) remain challenging, instability being the primary issue. Currently, treatment options include arthroscopic procedures or peri-acetabular osteotomy (PAO). Although the popularity of the acetabular shelf bone block has declined in favor of PAO, it may still be relevant as a hip joint stabilizer and coverage area, rather than for increasing coverage area by cartilage.

Unveiling the Silent Menace: A Case Report of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Masquerading as Neuroendocrine Tumor With a Brief Review of the Literature.

We present the case of a 59-year-old man from South India who presented with shortness of breath, abdominal distention, and decreased appetite. Initial laboratory investigations and imaging, including radiolabeled somatostatin positron emission tomography-computed tomography, were suggestive of neuroendocrine tumor (NET). However, following extensive workup and multiple biopsies over several weeks, the diagnosis was revised to extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB).

Point-of-care C-reactive protein measurement by community health workers safely reduces antimicrobial use among children with respiratory illness in rural Uganda: A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial.

Background: Acute respiratory illness (ARI) is one of the most common reasons children receive antibiotic treatment. Measurement of C-reaction protein (CRP) has been shown to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use among children with ARI in a range of clinical settings. In many resource-constrained contexts, patients seek care outside the formal health sector, often from lay community health workers (CHW).

Barbed suture in neck dissection: a randomized clinical study on efficacy, safety and aesthetic outcome.

Purpose: The resection of lymph nodes/neck dissection is a typical part of the surgical treatment of head and neck malignancies. The aim of this study was to compare subcutaneous closure using single knotted, braided suture (Vicryl, standard arm) with continuous self-locking, monofilament barbed suture (V-Loc, experimental arm).

Methods: Neck Lock was a randomized clinical trial at a single tertiary referral center.

Evaluating the knowledge, attitude, perception, and readiness of caregivers of under 5-year-old children to accept malaria vaccine in Nigeria.

Purpose: The global burden of disease and mortality is greatly influenced by malaria, particularly in children. Nigeria alone accounts for about 25% of global malaria cases and fatalities. Despite efforts to control and eliminate malaria, conventional treatments have limitations, prompting the need for a vaccine.

Benralizumab in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma and Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: The Real-World, Multi-Country RANS Observational Study.

Purpose: Real-world evidence of benralizumab effectiveness on nasal polyps (NP) and asthma outcomes in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) and comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis with NP are limited. The objective of this study was to assess NP and asthma outcomes in benralizumab-treated patients with SEA and comorbid NP in a real-world setting.

Patients And Methods: RANS was a retrospective, multi-country observational study (ClinicalTrials.

Benralizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma by previous biologic use and key clinical subgroups: real-world XALOC-1 programme.

Background: Pivotal phase 3 trials and real-world studies have demonstrated benralizumab's overall efficacy and safety in severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA). Additional large-cohort data are needed to confirm its real-world effectiveness in SEA according to previous biologic use and key baseline characteristics important for treatment selection.

Methods: XALOC-1 is a large, multinational, retrospective, observational, real-world study programme of benralizumab in adults with SEA.

Kidney transplant in pediatric gut transplant recipients - Technical challenges and outcomes.

Background: There is limited data in the literature about pediatric kidney transplant (KT) following gut transplant (GT). The purpose of this study is to highlight the technical challenges and outcomes of KT in pediatric gut recipients who developed kidney failure (KF).

Methods: A retrospective single-center study of pediatric GT recipients from January 2000 to December 2019 was performed.

Longitudinal patterns of intermittent oral corticosteroid therapy for asthma in the United Kingdom.

Background: Increasing frequency of intermittent oral corticosteroid (OCS) prescription and cumulative OCS exposure increase the risk of OCS-related adverse outcomes.

Objective: We sought to describe the evolution and trajectory of intermittent OCS prescription patterns in patients with asthma and investigate risk factors independently associated with transitioning to a frequent prescription pattern.

Methods: This historical cohort study included patients with active asthma managed in UK primary care and included in the Optimum Patient Care Research Database (OPCRD; opcrd.

Trends in Systemic Glucocorticoid Utilization in the United Kingdom from 1990 to 2019: A Population-Based, Serial Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Purpose: Associations between systemic glucocorticoid (SGC) exposure and risk for adverse outcomes have spurred a move toward steroid-sparing treatment strategies. Real-world changes in SGC exposure over time, after the introduction of steroid-sparing treatment strategies, reveal areas of successful risk mitigation as well as unmet needs.

Patients And Methods: A population-based ecological study was performed from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database to describe SGC prescribing trends of steroid-sparing treatment strategies in primary care practices before and after licensure of biologics in the United Kingdom from 1990 to 2019.

Disparities in Liver Transplantation for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Women.

Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the fastest-growing indication for liver transplantation (LT). Sex disparities among patients with cirrhosis on the LT waitlist are well known. We wanted to understand these disparities further in women with end-stage liver disease patients listed for NASH cirrhosis in a contemporary cohort.

A Long-Term Study of Adverse Outcomes Associated With Oral Corticosteroid Use in COPD.

Background: Oral corticosteroids (OCS) are often prescribed for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations.

Methods: This observational, individually matched historical cohort study used electronic medical records (1987-2019) from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to English Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) to evaluate adverse outcomes in patients with COPD who used OCS (OCS cohort) and those not exposed to OCS (non-OCS cohort). Risk of 17 adverse outcomes was estimated using proportional hazard regression.

Baseline Findings of PreventE4: A Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial Testing High Dose DHA in APOE4 Carriers before the Onset of Dementia.

Introduction: Lower blood levels of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are correlated with worse cognitive functions, particularly among APOE ε4 carriers. Whether DHA supplementation in APOE ε4 carriers with limited DHA consumption and dementia risk factors can delay or slow down disease progression when started before the onset of clinical dementia is not known.

Methods: PreventE4 is a double-blind, single site, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in cognitively unimpaired individuals with limited omega-3 consumption and dementia risk factors (n=368).

Non-Lung Solid Organ Transplantation From SARS-CoV-2-Positive Donors to Uninfected Recipients.

Background: There is a paucity of evidence on the risk of donor-recipient transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 in solid organ transplant recipients. Initial impressions suggest non-lung solid organs may be safely transplanted from SARS-CoV-2-positive donors without risk of viral transmission.

Methods: We reviewed clinical results of transplants in which SARS-CoV-2-negative recipients received non-lung solid organs from SARS-CoV-2-positive donors at a single transplant center.

Risk factors of acute renal failure in patients with protective ileostomy after rectal cancer surgery.

Background: Despite the potential benefits of protective ileostomy in rectal surgery, diverting loop ileostomy construction is not free of specific medical consequences implying unplanned hospital readmissions. The most common reason for readmission in these patients is a dehydration with a prevalence of acute renal failure (ARF) of 20%. The objective of this study was to establish the predictive factors of ARF in patients with protective ileostomy after surgery for rectal cancer from a bicentric study.

Diagnostic performance of fecal Helicobacter pylori antigen test in Uganda.

We evaluated the diagnostic performance of a qualitative stool antigen test (SAT) in individuals with dyspepsia in rural Uganda using the polymerase chain reaction-based 16S ribosomal RNA assay (16S rRNA) for nucleotide sequences for two common H. pylori-associated genes as the reference standard. We enrolled 150 adults with dyspepsia with no self-reported use of antibiotic and/or antiacid medication medications within a fortnight.