Endoplasmic reticulum and inner nuclear membrane ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes Ubc6 and Ubc7 confer resistance to hygromycin B in .

Aberrant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins are destroyed through ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and INM-associated degradation (INMAD). We previously showed the Hrd1, Doa10, and Asi ERAD and INMAD ubiquitin ligases (E3s) in confer resistance to hygromycin B, which distorts the ribosome decoding center. Here, we assessed the requirement of Ubc6 and Ubc7, the primary ERAD and INMAD ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) for hygromycin B resistance.

Are sex differences in blood cell count and hemoglobin moderated by the 2D:4D ratio? A cross-sectional study in a Ghanaian population.

Background And Aims: There are sex differences in blood cell count and hemoglobin (HGB) in adulthood due to differences in the levels of circulating sex hormones. The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is the putative marker of prenatal hormone exposure. The 2D:4D or the right-left difference (Dr-l) are sexually dimorphic and are correlates of sex hormones in adulthood.