The Effect of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors on Cardiometabolic Profile; Beyond the Hypoglycaemic Action.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has growing prevalence worldwide and major clinical implications, chiefly cardiovascular (CV) and renal disease burden. Sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT)-2 inhibitors are a new drug class in the management of T2DM with a mechanism of action independent of insulin. In addition to their hypoglycaemic effect, SGLT-2 inhibitors appear to have haemodynamic and nephroprotective effects.

Increased Urinary Excretion of Podocyte Markers in Normoalbuminuric Patients with Diabetes.

Background: Podocyte injury plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We investigated whether patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) without overt DN present podocyte markers in urine suggestive of early podocyte injury.

Methods: We studied 71 patients with DM type 2 and normal urine albumin excretion (UAE) and 39 non-diabetic controls.

Subclinical hypothyroidism and lipid abnormalities in older women attending a vascular disease prevention clinic: effect of thyroid replacement therapy.

The authors evaluated the frequency and type of lipid disorders associated with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) in older women referred to their university vascular disease prevention clinic. They also assessed the results of thyroid replacement therapy. Fasting serum lipid profiles and thyroid function tests were measured in 333 apparently healthy women (mean age: 71.