Retroaortic left renal vein fistula masquerading as pelvic congestion syndrome: case report.

This case study shows how aorto-left renal vein fistula in a female can present with left-sided pelvic pain secondary to ovarian vein reflux, a symptom of pelvic congestion syndrome, next to typical features such as epigastric and back pain.

An enlightened age: building the naval hospitals.

Summerson writes that, in the spirit of the Enlightenment, the notion of 'bienfaisance', literally meaning the desire to render society more reasonable and more humane, liberated the scope of both hospital and prison planning. Both types of institution housed people who were deprived of their freedom either by disability or by force of law; therefore, we find similarities in the disposition of space and in the degree of humanitarianism expressed in their outward appearance. This observation can be transferred to naval hospital design, where architecture was combined to fulfil a twofold purpose.