Brain signatures of chronic gut inflammation.

Gut inflammation is thought to modify brain activity and behaviour via modulation of the gut-brain axis. However, how relapsing and remitting exposure to peripheral inflammation over the natural history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) contributes to altered brain dynamics is poorly understood. Here, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to characterise changes in spontaneous spatiotemporal brain states in Crohn's Disease (CD) ( = 40) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) ( = 30), compared to healthy individuals ( = 28).

Triose-phosphate isomerase deficiency is associated with a dysregulation of synaptic vesicle recycling in .

Introduction: Numerous neurodegenerative diseases are associated with neuronal dysfunction caused by increased redox stress, often linked to aberrant production of redox-active molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) or oxygen free radicals. One such protein affected by redox-mediated changes is the glycolytic enzyme triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI), which has been shown to undergo 3-nitrotyrosination (a NO-mediated post-translational modification) rendering it inactive. The resulting neuronal changes caused by this modification are not well understood.

Mechanisms of imbalanced frontostriatal functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been linked with changes in frontostriatal resting-state connectivity. However, replication of prior findings is lacking, and the mechanistic understanding of these effects is incomplete. To confirm and advance knowledge on changes in frontostriatal functional connectivity in OCD, participants with OCD and matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional, structural and diffusion neuroimaging.

Macronutrient content of donor milk from a regional human milk bank: variation with donor mother-infant characteristics.

Better understanding of the variation in macronutrient content of human donor milk (HDM) potentiates targeted nutrition for preterm babies. The present study describes the relationship of maternal age, parity, monthly lactation stage estimate (LSEm), daily volume of milk expressed (Vd), sex, gestation and birth weight z scores with macronutrient content of HDM. Multilevel mother-infant pair ID random intercept models were performed using the predictor variables above on the outcome HDM macronutrient content determined using mid-IR spectroscopy.

Effect of nondisclosure of HIV status in sexual health clinics on unlinked anonymous HIV prevalence estimates in England, 2005-2009.

Objectives: To assess the extent of nondisclosure of known HIV status among sexual health clinic attendees and to quantify the impact of nondisclosure on estimates of undiagnosed HIV prevalence and of the proportion of patients remaining undiagnosed on leaving the clinic.

Methods: Serum samples from the unlinked anonymous survey of clinic attendees' archive were tested for antiretrovirals. Estimates of undiagnosed HIV were adjusted using the findings.

Non-disclosure of HIV status in UK sexual health clinics--a pilot study to identify non-disclosure within a national unlinked anonymous seroprevalence survey.

Objectives: To identify if HIV-infected individuals attending genitourinary clinics in the UK are not disclosing their HIV status, and to examine the potential utility of drug detection as a method to indicate non-disclosure.

Methods: HIV-positive samples from the unlinked anonymous seroprevalence survey from one London centre in 2009 had viral load (VL) assays performed to identify samples with VL below the level of detection (50 copies/ml, VLBLD) or <1000 copies/ml. After data matching, known HIV positives were excluded and the remaining samples analysed for the presence of a panel of antiretroviral drugs.

Trends in pregnancy outcomes in Malawian adolescents receiving antimalarial and hematinic supplements.

Objective: To describe pregnancy outcomes of adolescent and adult primigravidae receiving antimalarials and hematinic supplementation and compare findings with a survey in this area a decade earlier.

Design: Cross-sectional surveys in intervention and control sites.

Setting: Community, antenatal and delivery facilities in Chikwawa, Malawi.

Audit of tetanus prevention knowledge and practices in accident and emergency departments in England.

Objectives: To assess the knowledge and current tetanus prevention practices of various staff members in accident and emergency (A&E) departments.

Design, Setting And Participants: A structured questionnaire containing 16 questions on tetanus guidance, anti-tetanus practice, vaccination preparations and information on the population served by the department was sent to medical and nursing staff in A&E departments across England.

Results: 366 completed questionnaires from 67 hospitals were returned.

Vaccine effectiveness estimates, 2004-2005 mumps outbreak, England.

The United Kingdom and United States have recently experienced large outbreaks of mumps, which raises concerns about vaccine effectiveness. The effectiveness of the mumps component of the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine was estimated using the screening method. In England from January 2004 through March 2005, 312 cases of mumps were reported in children eligible to have received 2 doses of MMR vaccine.