Integrating continuous flow reaction and work-up: chiral amine resolution, separation and purification using a novel coalescing filter system.

To maximize the benefits of a continuous flow reaction, a continuous work-up is also needed. Herein, we present a process design and novel equipment for a continuous amine resolution reaction, integrated with liquid-liquid (L-L) extraction, back-extraction into a different solvent, and crystallisation purification for product isolation. The reaction, in iso-propyl acetate, flows through a heated fixed-bed reactor with solid supported lipase which catalyses the resolution of ()-1-phenylethylamine to give the ()-amide in 50% conversion and 96% enantiomeric excess (ee).

Vitamin D Receptor Regulates the Expression of the Grainyhead-Like 1 Gene.

Vitamin D plays an important pleiotropic role in maintaining global homeostasis of the human body. Its functions go far beyond skeletal health, playing a crucial role in a plethora of cellular functions, as well as in extraskeletal health, ensuring the proper functioning of multiple human organs, including the skin. Genes from the Grainyhead-like () family code for transcription factors necessary for the development and maintenance of various epithelia.

Recurrent Rearrangements in PRKACA and PRKACB in Intraductal Oncocytic Papillary Neoplasms of the Pancreas and Bile Duct.

Background & Aims: Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms (IOPNs) of the pancreas and bile duct contain epithelial cells with numerous, large mitochondria and are cystic precursors to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), respectively. However, IOPNs do not have the genomic alterations found in other pancreatobiliary neoplasms. In fact, no recurrent genomic alterations have been described in IOPNs.

Perhalogenated pyrimidine scaffolds. Reactions of 5-chloro-2,4,6-trifluoropyrimidine with nitrogen centred nucleophiles.

Background: Highly functionalised pyrimidine derivatives are of great importance to the life-science industries and there exists a need for efficient synthetic methodology that allows the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrimidine derivatives that are regioselective in all stages to meet the demands of RAS techniques for applications in parallel synthesis. 5-Chloro-2,4,6-trifluoropyrimidine may be used as a scaffold for the synthesis of polyfunctional pyrimidine systems if sequential nucleophilic aromatic substitution processes are regioselective.

Results: Use of 5-chloro-2,4,6-trifluoropyrimidine as a core scaffold for the synthesis of functionalised pyrimidine systems is assessed in reactions with a small range of nitrogen centred nucleophiles.