The immune status of migrant populations in Europe and implications for vaccine-preventable disease control: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Ensuring vaccination coverage reaches established herd immunity thresholds (HITs) is the cornerstone of any vaccination programme. Diverse migrant populations in European countries have been associated with cases of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) and outbreaks, yet it is not clear to what extent they are an under-immunized group.

Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize peer-reviewed published primary research reporting data on the immune status of migrants in EU/EEA countries, the UK and Switzerland, calculating their pooled immunity coverage for measles, mumps, rubella and diphtheria using random-effects models.

Histopathological findings from the investigation of paediatric acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology, United Kingdom 2022.

In 2022, there were global reports of increased numbers of acute hepatitis not explained by hepatitis A-E virus infection in children. This manuscript summarises histopathology results from 20 patients in the United Kingdom who underwent liver transplant or had a liver biopsy as part of aetiological investigations. All available histopathological samples were reviewed centrally as part of the outbreak investigation.

Community-Acquired Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Among People Who Inject Drugs: A National Cohort Study in England, 2017-2020.

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (CA-SAB), but little is known about clinical outcomes of CA-SAB in PWID compared with the wider population of patients with CA-SAB.

Methods: Three national datasets were linked to provide clinical and mortality data on patients hospitalized with CA-SAB in England between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2020. PWID were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code for "mental health and behavioral disorder due to opioid use" (F11).

Retrospective testing for mpox virus in routine STI screens from men who have sex with men in England, August-October 2022.

Objectives: A global outbreak of mpox (monkeypox) has been ongoing since 2022, with most cases in the UK detected in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Asymptomatic and pauci-symptomatic mpox infection has been reported outside of the UK. We aimed to investigate whether mpox could be detected in specimens from GBMSM in England who were attending sexual health services (SHSs) for asymptomatic sexually transmitted infection screening.

Screening for Chronic Infectious Diseases by Serology in Those Presenting with Malaria in London, United Kingdom.

The United Kingdom's cases of malaria infection are primarily acquired in sub-Saharan Africa, with the majority of infections presenting in London.1 When patients go to a hospital with malaria, there is a screening opportunity for other geographically associated chronic infections. We identified patients who were diagnosed with malaria after presenting to our emergency department in London over a 2-year period, to assess whether there may be clinical benefit in screening for chronic viral (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV) or parasitic (schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis) infection in this cohort.

Extraspinal articular tuberculosis: An 11-year retrospective study of demographic features and clinical outcomes in East London.

Objectives: To describe demographic features, clinical outcomes and diagnostic delay amongst patients with extra-spinal articular tuberculosis (TB) in a low-incidence setting.

Methods: Cases of TB treated at our institution between 2004 and 2014 were identified via the London TB register (LTBR). Demographic features of extra-spinal articular TB cases were compared to controls with TB at all other sites.

Breast tuberculosis in East London: A 13-year retrospective observational study.

Setting: Breast tuberculosis (TB) is rare in Western Europe, and its diagnosis may be delayed through lack of awareness of presenting features. Our institution serves a large East London population with a high incidence of TB.

Objective: To characterize presenting features and avoidable diagnostic delay in breast TB patients.

Shigellosis and toxic megacolon secondary to Shigella flexneri serotype 3a: The challenges of laboratory diagnosis.

We present a rare case of Shigella flexneri bacteraemia and toxic megacolon, and discuss the challenges of conventional laboratory techniques versus molecular PCR platforms in differentiating between Shigella species and Escherichia coli.